一脸懵逼学习Nginx及其安装，Tomcat的安装

大家好，又见面了，我是全栈君。

1：Nginx的相关概念知识：

　　1.1：反向代理：

　　　　反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理服务器来接受internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个服务器。

　1.2：负载均衡：

　　　　负载均衡，英文名称为Load Balance，是指建立在现有网络结构之上，并提供了一种廉价有效透明的方法扩展网络设备和服务器的带宽、增加吞吐量、加强网络数据处理能力、提高网络的灵活性和可用性。其原理就是数据流量分摊到多个服务器上执行，减轻每台服务器的压力，多台服务器共同完成工作任务，从而提高了数据的吞吐量。

2：Nginx的安装操作：

　Nginx的官网：http://nginx.org/

2.1：将下载好的Nginx上传到虚拟机上面，然后进行解压缩操作，上传过程省略，请自行脑补：

[root@master package]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz -C /home/hadoop/

　　2.2：编译Ngnix源码目录：

　　　　进入Ngnix源码目录：[root@master hadoop]# cd /home/hadoop/nginx-1.8.1/

　　　　检查安装环境，并指定将来要安装的路径：

#缺包报错 checking for OS + Linux 2.6.32-696.10.1.el6.i686 i686 checking for C compiler … found + using GNU C compiler + gcc version: 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC) checking for gcc -pipe switch … found checking for gcc builtin atomic operations … found checking for C99 variadic macros … found checking for gcc variadic macros … found checking for unistd.h … found checking for inttypes.h … found checking for limits.h … found checking for sys/filio.h … not found checking for sys/param.h … found checking for sys/mount.h … found checking for sys/statvfs.h … found checking for crypt.h … found checking for Linux specific features checking for epoll … found checking for EPOLLRDHUP … found checking for O_PATH … not found checking for sendfile() … found checking for sendfile64() … found checking for sys/prctl.h … found checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) … found checking for sched_setaffinity() … found checking for crypt_r() … found checking for sys/vfs.h … found checking for nobody group … found checking for poll() … found checking for /dev/poll … not found checking for kqueue … not found checking for crypt() … not found checking for crypt() in libcrypt … found checking for F_READAHEAD … not found checking for posix_fadvise() … found checking for O_DIRECT … found checking for F_NOCACHE … not found checking for directio() … not found checking for statfs() … found checking for statvfs() … found checking for dlopen() … not found checking for dlopen() in libdl … found checking for sched_yield() … found checking for SO_SETFIB … not found checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER … not found checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT … found checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE … found checking for TCP_FASTOPEN … not found checking for TCP_INFO … found checking for accept4() … found checking for eventfd() … found checking for int size … 4 bytes checking for long size … 4 bytes checking for long long size … 8 bytes checking for void * size … 4 bytes checking for uint64_t … found checking for sig_atomic_t … found checking for sig_atomic_t size … 4 bytes checking for socklen_t … found checking for in_addr_t … found checking for in_port_t … found checking for rlim_t … found checking for uintptr_t … uintptr_t found checking for system byte ordering … little endian checking for size_t size … 4 bytes checking for off_t size … 8 bytes checking for time_t size … 4 bytes checking for setproctitle() … not found checking for pread() … found checking for pwrite() … found checking for sys_nerr … found checking for localtime_r() … found checking for posix_memalign() … found checking for memalign() … found checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) … found checking for mmap(“/dev/zero”, MAP_SHARED) … found checking for System V shared memory … found checking for POSIX semaphores … not found checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread … found checking for struct msghdr.msg_control … found checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) … found checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff … found checking for struct dirent.d_namlen … not found checking for struct dirent.d_type … found checking for sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) … found checking for openat(), fstatat() … found checking for getaddrinfo() … found checking for PCRE library … not found checking for PCRE library in /usr/local/ … not found checking for PCRE library in /usr/include/pcre/ … not found checking for PCRE library in /usr/pkg/ … not found checking for PCRE library in /opt/local/ … not found ./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library. You can either disable the module by using –without-http_rewrite_module option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library statically from the source with nginx by using –with-pcre=<path> option.

　　　　然后安装一下缺少的包：

[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

　　　　解决完错误以后再次执行，检查安装环境,并指定将来要安装的路径：

　　　　[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure –prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx

[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure –prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx checking for OS + Linux 2.6.32-696.10.1.el6.i686 i686 checking for C compiler … found + using GNU C compiler + gcc version: 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC) checking for gcc -pipe switch … found checking for gcc builtin atomic operations … found checking for C99 variadic macros … found checking for gcc variadic macros … found checking for unistd.h … found checking for inttypes.h … found checking for limits.h … found checking for sys/filio.h … not found checking for sys/param.h … found checking for sys/mount.h … found checking for sys/statvfs.h … found checking for crypt.h … found checking for Linux specific features checking for epoll … found checking for EPOLLRDHUP … found checking for O_PATH … not found checking for sendfile() … found checking for sendfile64() … found checking for sys/prctl.h … found checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) … found checking for sched_setaffinity() … found checking for crypt_r() … found checking for sys/vfs.h … found checking for nobody group … found checking for poll() … found checking for /dev/poll … not found checking for kqueue … not found checking for crypt() … not found checking for crypt() in libcrypt … found checking for F_READAHEAD … not found checking for posix_fadvise() … found checking for O_DIRECT … found checking for F_NOCACHE … not found checking for directio() … not found checking for statfs() … found checking for statvfs() … found checking for dlopen() … not found checking for dlopen() in libdl … found checking for sched_yield() … found checking for SO_SETFIB … not found checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER … not found checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT … found checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE … found checking for TCP_FASTOPEN … not found checking for TCP_INFO … found checking for accept4() … found checking for eventfd() … found checking for int size … 4 bytes checking for long size … 4 bytes checking for long long size … 8 bytes checking for void * size … 4 bytes checking for uint64_t … found checking for sig_atomic_t … found checking for sig_atomic_t size … 4 bytes checking for socklen_t … found checking for in_addr_t … found checking for in_port_t … found checking for rlim_t … found checking for uintptr_t … uintptr_t found checking for system byte ordering … little endian checking for size_t size … 4 bytes checking for off_t size … 8 bytes checking for time_t size … 4 bytes checking for setproctitle() … not found checking for pread() … found checking for pwrite() … found checking for sys_nerr … found checking for localtime_r() … found checking for posix_memalign() … found checking for memalign() … found checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) … found checking for mmap(“/dev/zero”, MAP_SHARED) … found checking for System V shared memory … found checking for POSIX semaphores … not found checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread … found checking for struct msghdr.msg_control … found checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) … found checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff … found checking for struct dirent.d_namlen … not found checking for struct dirent.d_type … found checking for sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) … found checking for openat(), fstatat() … found checking for getaddrinfo() … found checking for PCRE library … found checking for PCRE JIT support … not found checking for md5 in system md library … not found checking for md5 in system md5 library … not found checking for md5 in system OpenSSL crypto library … found checking for sha1 in system md library … not found checking for sha1 in system OpenSSL crypto library … found checking for zlib library … found creating objs/Makefile Configuration summary + using system PCRE library + OpenSSL library is not used + md5: using system crypto library + sha1: using system crypto library + using system zlib library nginx path prefix: “/home/hadoop/nginx” nginx binary file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx” nginx configuration prefix: “/home/hadoop/nginx/conf” nginx configuration file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/conf/nginx.conf” nginx pid file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/logs/nginx.pid” nginx error log file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/logs/error.log” nginx http access log file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/logs/access.log” nginx http client request body temporary files: “client_body_temp” nginx http proxy temporary files: “proxy_temp” nginx http fastcgi temporary files: “fastcgi_temp” nginx http uwsgi temporary files: “uwsgi_temp” nginx http scgi temporary files: “scgi_temp”

　2.3：编译安装（make是编译，make install是安装）：

[root@master hadoop]# make && make install安装不是一帆风顺的，开始将make && make install写成了make && made install，肯定没有安装成功了，然后我再执行make && make install就出现下面的情况了，然后我重新./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx检查安装环境,并指定将来要安装的路径，最后再make && made install，貌似正常编译，安装了，虽然我也不是很清楚，这里贴一下吧先，安装好以后可以测试是否正常：

[root@master hadoop]# make && make install make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop. [root@master hadoop]# make install make: *** No rule to make target `install’. Stop. [root@master hadoop]# make && make install make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop. [root@master hadoop]# ./configure –prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx bash: ./configure: No such file or directory [root@master hadoop]# cd /home/hadoop/nginx-1.8.1/ [root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ls auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE Makefile man objs README src [root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure –prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx

　　2.4：安装好以后测试是否正常：

　　　　安装好以后指定的目录会生成一些文件，如我的/home/hadoop/nginx目录下面：

　　　　启动Nginx的命令：[root@master sbin]# ./nginx

　　查看端口是否有ngnix进程监听：[root@master sbin]# netstat -ntlp | grep 80

3：配置Nginx：

　　3.1：配置反向代理：

修改Nginx配置文件：

[root@master conf]# cd /home/hadoop/nginx/conf/

[root@master conf]# vim nginx.conf

  server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  master; #nginx所在服务器的主机名称

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        #反向代理的配置
        location / { #拦截所有请求
            root   html;
            #index  index.html index.htm;
            #这里是代理走向的目标服务器:tomcat
            proxy_pass http://192.168.199.130:8080;
        }

具体配置如下所示：

下面贴图这句话后面proxy_pass http://192.168.199.130:8080;

少了一个分号导致后面启动nginx的时候出现错误：

自己都操点心就可以了：

[root@master sbin]# ./nginx nginx: [emerg] unexpected “}” in /home/hadoop/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:48

4：安装Tomcat，将下载好的tomcat安装包上传到虚拟机，过程省略，然后解压缩操作：

[root@slaver1 package]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.68.tar.gz -C /home/hadoop/

解压缩好以后启动Tomcat：

然后没启动起来，貌似说我的jdk没有配置啥的，现在配置一下，配置过程省略，大概如上传压缩包，解压缩，然后配置环境变量：

vim /etc/profile配置好以后使其立即生效：source /etc/profile，最后检查一下是否安装成功：java/javac/java -version

然后启动tomcat，如下所示：

启动好，可以检查一下是否启动成功：

浏览器输入自己的http://192.168.199.131:8080/

如果无法访问，可能是防火墙的原因：service iptables stop关闭防火墙；service iptables status查看防火墙是否关闭成功；

5：现在体现Nginx的功能了，我在master节点安装的Nginx，然后在slaver1节点安装的tomcat：

然后访问master节点，会跳转到slaver1的tomcat页面：

http://192.168.199.130/自己的master节点的名称；

6：Nginx的动静分离：

动态资源 index.jsp location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|action)$ { proxy_pass http://ip地址:8080; } 静态资源: location ~ .*\.(html|js|css|gif|jpg|jpeg|png)$ { expires 3d; } 负载均衡： 在http这个节下面配置一个叫upstream的，后面的名字可以随意取，但是要和location下的proxy_pass http://后的保持一致。 http { 是在http里面的, 已有http, 不是在server里,在server外面 upstream tomcats { server 192.168.199.130:8080 weight=1;#weight表示多少个 server 192.168.199.131:8080 weight=1; server 192.168.199.132:8080 weight=1; } #卸载server里 #~代表是大小写敏感，.代表是任何非回车字符，*代表多个。 location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|action) { proxy_pass http://tomcats; #tomcats是后面的tomcat服务器组的逻辑组号 } }

待续……

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