PyQt5 基本窗口控件（按钮类/对话框类）
文章目录
learn from 《PyQt5 快速开发与实战》 https://doc.qt.io/qtforpython/index.html https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/static/Docs/PyQt5
1. 按钮类
所有的按钮都是继承自 QAbstractButton
1.1 QPushButton
- 长方形，文本标题 or 图标
设置快捷键：QPushButton('&Download')， & 后面的字符就是快捷键，ALT + D 执行
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/4 21:01
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qpush_button1.py
# @desc :
import sys
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon, QPixmap
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDialog, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton, QApplication
class Form(QDialog):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.setWindowTitle("QPushButton例子")
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.button1 = QPushButton("Button1")
self.button1.setCheckable(True) # 设置按钮已经被选中，表示按钮保持已点击和释放状态
self.button1.toggle() # 切换按钮的状态
self.button1.clicked.connect(lambda: self.whichButton(self.button1))
# lambda 函数作用，可以传递更多的参数进去 self.button1
self.button1.clicked.connect(self.btnstate)
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
self.button2 = QPushButton("image")
self.button2.setIcon(QIcon(QPixmap("logo.png"))) # 设置图标
self.button2.clicked.connect(lambda: self.whichButton(self.button2))
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
self.button3 = QPushButton("disabled button")
self.button3.setEnabled(False) # 禁用
layout.addWidget(self.button3)
self.button4 = QPushButton("&Cancel")
self.button4.setDefault(True)
self.button4.clicked.connect(lambda: self.whichButton(self.button4))
layout.addWidget(self.button4)
self.setLayout(layout)
def btnstate(self):
if self.button1.isChecked():
print("button1 is pressed")
else:
print("button1 is released")
def whichButton(self, btn):
print("clicked button is " + btn.text())
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ui = Form()
ui.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
1.2 QRadioButton
- 单选按钮组里，一次只能选中一个单选按钮
- 要选中多个，需要使用
QGroupBox，QButtonGroup多个按钮组合 - 按钮切换状态时，会发送
toggled信号
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/4 21:34
# @Author : Michael
# @File : radio_button1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QRadioButton, QApplication
class radio_button(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(radio_button, self).__init__()
layout = QHBoxLayout()
self.button1 = QRadioButton("Button1")
self.button1.setChecked(True) # 默认选中
self.button1.toggled.connect(lambda: self.btnstate(self.button1))
layout.addWidget(self.button1)
self.button2 = QRadioButton("Button2")
self.button2.toggled.connect(lambda: self.btnstate(self.button2))
layout.addWidget(self.button2)
self.setLayout(layout)
self.setWindowTitle("RadioButton例子")
def btnstate(self, btn):
if btn.text() == "Button1":
if btn.isChecked():
print("Button1 is selected")
else:
print("Button1 is deselected")
elif btn.text() == "Button2":
if btn.isChecked():
print("Button2 is selected")
else:
print("Button2 is deselected")
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
example = radio_button()
example.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
1.3 QCheckBox
一组带文本标签的复选框（可设置文本 or 图标），可选多个选项
注意：有选中、没选中、半选中（setTristate）3 种状态
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/4 21:58
# @Author : Michael
# @File : check_box1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QGroupBox, QHBoxLayout, QCheckBox, QVBoxLayout, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
class checkBox(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
groupbox = QGroupBox("CheckBoxes")
groupbox.setFlat(True)
layout = QHBoxLayout()
self.checkbox1 = QCheckBox("&CheckBox1")
self.checkbox1.setChecked(True)
self.checkbox1.stateChanged.connect(lambda: self.checkbox_state(self.checkbox1))
layout.addWidget(self.checkbox1)
self.checkbox2 = QCheckBox("CheckBox2")
self.checkbox2.toggled.connect(lambda: self.checkbox_state(self.checkbox2))
layout.addWidget(self.checkbox2)
self.checkbox3 = QCheckBox("CheckBox3")
self.checkbox3.setTristate(True)
self.checkbox3.setCheckState(Qt.PartiallyChecked)
self.checkbox3.stateChanged.connect(lambda: self.checkbox_state(self.checkbox3))
layout.addWidget(self.checkbox3)
groupbox.setLayout(layout)
main_layout = QVBoxLayout()
main_layout.addWidget(groupbox)
self.setLayout(main_layout)
self.setWindowTitle("CheckBoxes例子")
def checkbox_state(self, checkbox):
checkbox1_state = self.checkbox1.text() + ', isChecked=' + str(
self.checkbox1.isChecked()) + ', checkState=' + str(self.checkbox1.checkState()) + '\n'
checkbox2_state = self.checkbox2.text() + ', isChecked=' + str(
self.checkbox2.isChecked()) + ', checkState=' + str(self.checkbox2.checkState()) + '\n'
checkbox3_state = self.checkbox3.text() + ', isChecked=' + str(
self.checkbox3.isChecked()) + ', checkState=' + str(self.checkbox3.checkState()) + '\n'
print(checkbox1_state, checkbox2_state, checkbox3_state)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
main = checkBox()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
1.4 QComboBox 下拉列表
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/4 22:19
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qcomboBox1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QLabel, QComboBox, QApplication
class combo_box1(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(combo_box1, self).__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("combo_box例子")
self.resize(300, 200)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.label1 = QLabel("选择语言")
self.cb = QComboBox()
self.cb.addItem("C")
self.cb.addItem("C++")
self.cb.addItem("Python")
self.cb.addItems(["Java", "C#", "PHP"])
self.cb.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.selectionchange)
layout.addWidget(self.label1)
layout.addWidget(self.cb)
self.setLayout(layout)
def selectionchange(self):
self.label1.setText("你选择的语言是：" + self.cb.currentText())
print('items in the list are:')
for i in range(self.cb.count()):
print(f'item {i} = {self.cb.itemText(i)}')
print(f'current idx {i} selection changed to {self.cb.currentIndex()}')
print('-'*10)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
combo_box1 = combo_box1()
combo_box1.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
1.5 QSpinBox 计数器
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/4 22:43
# @Author : Michael
# @File : spin_box1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QLabel, QSpinBox, QDoubleSpinBox, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
class spin_box1(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(spin_box1, self).__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("SpinBox例子")
self.resize(300, 100)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.lb1 = QLabel("当前得分：")
self.lb1.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
layout.addWidget(self.lb1)
self.spbox = QSpinBox()
self.spbox.setRange(0, 100)
self.spbox.setValue(60)
self.spbox.setSingleStep(2)
self.spbox.valueChanged.connect(self.value_change)
layout.addWidget(self.spbox)
self.lb2 = QLabel("当前平均分：")
self.lb2.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
layout.addWidget(self.lb2)
self.spbox_double = QDoubleSpinBox()
self.spbox_double.setRange(0.0, 100.0)
self.spbox_double.setValue(60.0)
self.spbox_double.setDecimals(2)
self.spbox_double.setSingleStep(0.50)
self.spbox_double.valueChanged.connect(self.value_change1)
layout.addWidget(self.spbox_double)
self.setLayout(layout)
def value_change(self):
self.lb1.setText("当前得分：" + str(self.spbox.value()))
def value_change1(self):
self.lb2.setText("当前平均分：" + str(self.spbox_double.value()))
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
w = spin_box1()
w.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
1.6 QSlider 滑动条
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/5 8:20
# @Author : Michael
# @File : slider1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QLabel, QSlider, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
class slider_demo(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("滑块控件")
self.resize(300, 100)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.label1 = QLabel('hello michael')
self.label1.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
layout.addWidget(self.label1)
self.slider1 = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal) # 水平方向
self.slider1.setMinimum(10) # 最小值
self.slider1.setMaximum(50) # 最大值
self.slider1.setSingleStep(3) # 步长
self.slider1.setValue(20) # 当前值
self.slider1.setTickPosition(QSlider.TicksBelow) # 刻度位置
self.slider1.setTickInterval(5) # 刻度间隔
layout.addWidget(self.slider1)
self.slider1.valueChanged.connect(self.value_changed)
self.setLayout(layout)
def value_changed(self):
print('当前滑块的值为：', self.slider1.value())
size = self.slider1.value()
self.label1.setFont(QFont('Arial', size))
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
demo = slider_demo()
demo.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
2. 对话框类
2.1 QDialog
- 窗口模态 非模态，可以和程序其他窗口交互 窗口模态，程序未处理完当前窗口时，将阻止与父窗口对话 应用程序模态，阻止与任何其他窗口进行交互
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/5 8:57
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qdialog1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QPushButton, QDialog, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
class qdialog_demo(QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("QDialog例子")
self.resize(300, 200)
self.button = QPushButton("弹出对话框", self)
self.button.move(50, 50)
self.button.clicked.connect(self.showdialog)
def showdialog(self):
dialog = QDialog()
btn = QPushButton("ok", dialog)
btn.move(50, 50)
dialog.setWindowTitle("提交文件")
dialog.setWindowModality(Qt.ApplicationModal)
# 设置应用程序模态，只有关闭弹出窗口后，才能关闭主窗口
dialog.exec_()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
main = qdialog_demo()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
2.2 QMessageBox
有很多常用的，提示，警告，错误，询问，关于等，差别只是样式图标不一样
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/5 9:30
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qmessagebox1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QMessageBox, QApplication
class QMessageBox1(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(QMessageBox1, self).__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("QMessageBox1例子")
self.resize(300, 200)
self.button1 = QPushButton('点击弹出消息', self)
self.button1.move(50, 50)
self.button1.clicked.connect(self.msg)
def msg(self):
reply = QMessageBox.warning(self, 'Message标题', '你好，世界！', QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.No)
if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
print('点击了Yes')
else:
print('点击了No')
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
main = QMessageBox1()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
2.3 QInputDialog
- 由一个文本框，两个按钮（OK，Cancel），提交的信息可以被父窗口使用
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/5 9:49
# @Author : Michael
# @File : input_dialog1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QFormLayout, QPushButton, QLineEdit, QInputDialog, QApplication
class input_dialog1(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
layout = QFormLayout()
self.btn1 = QPushButton('获取列表里的选项')
self.btn1.clicked.connect(self.get_list_item)
self.lineEdit1 = QLineEdit()
layout.addRow(self.btn1, self.lineEdit1)
self.btn2 = QPushButton('获取字符串')
self.btn2.clicked.connect(self.get_str)
self.lineEdit2 = QLineEdit()
layout.addRow(self.btn2, self.lineEdit2)
self.btn3 = QPushButton('获取整数')
self.btn3.clicked.connect(self.get_int)
self.lineEdit3 = QLineEdit()
layout.addRow(self.btn3, self.lineEdit3)
self.setLayout(layout)
self.setWindowTitle('获取输入')
def get_list_item(self):
items = ('C', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python')
item, ok = QInputDialog.getItem(self, '请选择语言', '语言列表', items, 0, False)
if ok and item:
self.lineEdit1.setText(item)
def get_str(self):
text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, '输入字符串对话框', '请输入字符串')
if ok:
self.lineEdit2.setText(text)
def get_int(self):
num, ok = QInputDialog.getInt(self, '输入整数对话框', '请输入整数')
if ok:
self.lineEdit3.setText(str(num))
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
win = input_dialog1()
win.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
2.4 QFontDialog
- 字体选择对话框
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/5 22:18
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qfont_dialog1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton, QLabel, QFontDialog, QApplication
class fontDialog(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.fontButton = QPushButton('选择字体')
self.fontButton.clicked.connect(self.chooseFont)
layout.addWidget(self.fontButton)
self.line1 = QLabel('hello michael, 你好啊')
layout.addWidget(self.line1)
self.setLayout(layout)
self.setWindowTitle('字体对话框')
def chooseFont(self):
font, ok = QFontDialog.getFont()
if ok:
self.line1.setFont(font)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ui = fontDialog()
ui.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
2.5 QFileDialog
- 打开、保存文件，可以设置文件类型过滤和初始位置
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/5 22:40
# @Author : Michael
# @File : file_dialog1.py
# @desc :
import time
from PyQt5.QtCore import QDir
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton, QLabel, QTextEdit, QFileDialog, QApplication
class file_dialog1(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(file_dialog1, self).__init__()
layout = QVBoxLayout()
self.btn = QPushButton('加载图片')
self.btn.clicked.connect(self.loadfile)
layout.addWidget(self.btn)
self.label = QLabel()
layout.addWidget(self.label)
self.btn1 = QPushButton('加载文本文件')
self.btn1.clicked.connect(self.loadfiles)
layout.addWidget(self.btn1)
self.content = QTextEdit() # 文本框
layout.addWidget(self.content)
self.setLayout(layout)
self.setWindowTitle('文件对话框')
def loadfile(self):
fname, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, '打开文件', './', '图片文件(*.jpg *.png *gif)')
self.label.setPixmap(QPixmap(fname))
def loadfiles(self):
dlog = QFileDialog()
dlog.setFileMode(QFileDialog.AnyFile)
dlog.setFilter(QDir.Files)
if dlog.exec_():
fnames = dlog.selectedFiles()
print(fnames)
with open(fnames[0], 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
data = f.read()
self.content.setText(data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ui = file_dialog1()
ui.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
在这里插入图片描述
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原始发表：2022-05-05，如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除
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