Flutter：创建透明/半透明的应用栏

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发布于 2022-06-24 14:15:31

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发布于 2022-06-24 14:15:31

Flutter：创建透明/半透明的应用栏

作者：坚果华为云享专家，InfoQ签约作者，OpenHarmony布道师，，华为云享专家，阿里云专家博主，51CTO博客首席体验官，开源项目GVA成员之一，专注于大前端技术的分享，包括Flutter,鸿蒙，小程序,安卓，VUE，JavaScript。

在 Flutter 中，您可以通过执行以下操作来创建透明或半透明的应用栏：

将AppBar小部件的****backgroundColor属性设置为完全透明 (Colors.transparent) 或半透明（不透明度小于 1 的颜色）
将AppBar小部件的elevation属性设置为零以移除阴影（默认情况下，Flutter 中的材质应用栏有阴影）

如果您希望 body 的高度扩展到包含应用栏的高度并且 body 的顶部与应用栏的顶部对齐，则必须将Scaffold小部件的extendBodyBehindAppBar属性设置为true（默认值为false )。

单纯的解释可能很无聊和令人困惑。以下是三个示例，涵盖了最常见的实际用例。

例子

透明应用栏

编码：

// main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';


void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      // Remove the debug banner icon
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      title: '大前端之旅（坚果）',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.green,
      ),
      home: const HomeScreen(),
    );
  }
}

class HomeScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  const HomeScreen({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  State<HomeScreen> createState() => _HomeScreenState();
}

class _HomeScreenState extends State<HomeScreen> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
        extendBodyBehindAppBar: true,
        appBar: AppBar(
          leading: IconButton(
            onPressed: () {},
            icon: const Icon(Icons.menu),
          ),
          title: const Text('大前端之旅'),
          backgroundColor: Colors.transparent,
          elevation: 0,
          actions: [IconButton(onPressed: () {}, icon: const Icon(Icons.add))],
        ),
        body: Image.network(
          'https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/macimages/image-20220515183237286.png',
          width: double.infinity,
          height: double.infinity,
          fit: BoxFit.cover,
        ));
  }
}

半透明应用栏

截屏：

编码：

// main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      // Remove the debug banner icon
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      title: '大前端之旅（坚果）',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.green,
      ),
      home: const HomeScreen(),
    );
  }
}

class HomeScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  const HomeScreen({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  State<HomeScreen> createState() => _HomeScreenState();
}

class _HomeScreenState extends State<HomeScreen> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
        extendBodyBehindAppBar: true,
        appBar: AppBar(
          leading: IconButton(
            onPressed: () {},
            icon: const Icon(Icons.arrow_back),
          ),
          title: const Text('大前端之旅'),
          backgroundColor: Colors.green.withOpacity(0.6),
          elevation: 0,
          actions: [
            IconButton(onPressed: () {}, icon: const Icon(Icons.settings))
          ],
        ),
        body: Image.network(
          'https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/macimages/image-20220515183237286.png',
          width: double.infinity,
          height: double.infinity,
          fit: BoxFit.cover,
        ));
  }
}

带有颜色渐变的半透明应用栏

这个例子有点复杂。

截屏：

编码：

// main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      // Remove the debug banner icon
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      title: '大前端之旅（坚果）',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.green,
      ),
      home: const HomeScreen(),
    );
  }
}

class HomeScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  const HomeScreen({Key? key}) : super(key: key);

  @override
  State<HomeScreen> createState() => _HomeScreenState();
}

class _HomeScreenState extends State<HomeScreen> {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
        extendBodyBehindAppBar: true,
        appBar: AppBar(
          leading: IconButton(
            onPressed: () {},
            icon: const Icon(Icons.arrow_back),
          ),
          title: const Text('大前端之旅'),
          elevation: 0,
          // this need to be set
          backgroundColor: Colors.transparent,
          // create gradient background color
          flexibleSpace: Container(
            decoration: BoxDecoration(
              gradient: LinearGradient(
                  begin: Alignment.centerLeft,
                  end: Alignment.centerRight,
                  colors: [
                    Colors.green.withOpacity(0.5),
                    Colors.yellow.withOpacity(0.7),
                    Colors.blue.withOpacity(0.7)
                  ]),
            ),
          ),
          actions: [
            IconButton(onPressed: () {}, icon: const Icon(Icons.settings))
          ],
        ),
        body: Image.network(
          'https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/macimages/image-20220515183237286.png',
          width: double.infinity,
          height: double.infinity,
          fit: BoxFit.cover,
        ));
  }
}