CentOS搭建HA高可用Hadoop 2.7.6 集群

星哥玩云

发布于 2022-07-13 15:25:41

5510

发布于 2022-07-13 15:25:41

文章被收录于专栏：开源部署开源部署

1. Hadoop的HA机制

　　前言：正式引入HA机制是从hadoop2.0开始，之前的版本中没有HA机制

1.1. HA的运作机制

（1）hadoop-HA集群运作机制介绍

　　所谓HA，即高可用（7*24小时不中断服务）

　　实现高可用最关键的是消除单点故障

　　hadoop-ha严格来说应该分成各个组件的HA机制——HDFS的HA、YARN的HA

（2）HDFS的HA机制详解

　　通过双namenode消除单点故障

　　双namenode协调工作的要点：

　　A、元数据管理方式需要改变：

　　　　内存中各自保存一份元数据

　　　　 Edits日志只能有一份，只有Active状态的namenode节点可以做写操作

　　　　两个namenode都可以读取edits

　　　　共享的edits放在一个共享存储中管理（qjournal和NFS两个主流实现）

　　B、需要一个状态管理功能模块

　　　　实现了一个zkfailover，常驻在每一个namenode所在的节点

　　　　每一个zkfailover负责监控自己所在namenode节点，利用zk进行状态标识

　　　　当需要进行状态切换时，由zkfailover来负责切换

　　　　切换时需要防止brain split现象的发生

1.2. HDFS-HA图解

2. 主机规划

主机名称	外网IP	内网IP	操作系统	备注	安装软件	运行进程
mini01	10.0.0.111	172.16.1.111	CentOS 7.4	ssh port:22	jdk、hadoop	NameNode、DFSZKFailoverController(zkfc)
mini02	10.0.0.112	172.16.1.112	CentOS 7.4	ssh port:22	jdk、hadoop	NameNode、DFSZKFailoverController(zkfc)
mini03	10.0.0.113	172.16.1.113	CentOS 7.4	ssh port:22	jdk、hadoop、zookeeper	ResourceManager
mini04	10.0.0.114	172.16.1.114	CentOS 7.4	ssh port:22	jdk、hadoop、zookeeper	ResourceManager
mini05	10.0.0.115	172.16.1.115	CentOS 7.4	ssh port:22	jdk、hadoop、zookeeper	DataNode、NodeManager、JournalNode、QuorumPeerMain
mini06	10.0.0.116	172.16.1.116	CentOS 7.4	ssh port:22	jdk、hadoop、zookeeper	DataNode、NodeManager、JournalNode、QuorumPeerMain
mini07	10.0.0.117	172.16.1.117	CentOS 7.4	ssh port:22	jdk、hadoop、zookeeper	DataNode、NodeManager、JournalNode、QuorumPeerMain

注意：针对HA模式，就不需要SecondaryNameNode了，因为STANDBY状态的namenode会负责做checkpoint

Linux添加hosts信息，保证每台都可以相互ping通

[root@mini01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

10.0.0.111 mini01 10.0.0.112 mini02 10.0.0.113 mini03 10.0.0.114 mini04 10.0.0.115 mini05 10.0.0.116 mini06 10.0.0.117 mini07

Windows的hosts文件修改

# 文件位置C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc 在hosts中追加如下内容 ………………………………………… 10.0.0.111 mini01 10.0.0.112 mini02 10.0.0.113 mini03 10.0.0.114 mini04 10.0.0.115 mini05 10.0.0.116 mini06 10.0.0.117 mini07

3. 添加用户账号

# 使用一个专门的用户，避免直接使用root用户 # 添加用户、指定家目录并指定用户密码 useradd -d /app yun && echo '123456' | /usr/bin/passwd --stdin yun # sudo提权 echo "yun ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers # 让其它普通用户可以进入该目录查看信息 chmod 755 /app/

4. 实现yun用户免秘钥登录

要求：根据规划实现 mini01 到 mini01、mini02、mini03、mini04、mini05、mini06、mini07 免秘钥登录实现 mini02 到 mini01、mini02、mini03、mini04、mini05、mini06、mini07 免秘钥登录实现 mini03 到 mini01、mini02、mini03、mini04、mini05、mini06、mini07 免秘钥登录实现 mini04 到 mini01、mini02、mini03、mini04、mini05、mini06、mini07 免秘钥登录实现 mini05 到 mini01、mini02、mini03、mini04、mini05、mini06、mini07 免秘钥登录实现 mini06 到 mini01、mini02、mini03、mini04、mini05、mini06、mini07 免秘钥登录实现 mini07 到 mini01、mini02、mini03、mini04、mini05、mini06、mini07 免秘钥登录

# 可以使用ip也可以是hostname 但是由于我们计划使用的是 hostname 方式交互，所以使用hostname # 同时hostname方式分发，可以通过hostname远程登录，也可以IP远程登录

具体过程就不多说了，请参见 https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-08/153353.htm

5. Jdk【java8】

具体过程就不多说了，请参见 https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-08/153353.htm

6. Zookeeper部署

根据规划zookeeper部署在mini03、mini04、mini05、mini06、mini07上

6.1. 配置信息

[yun@mini03 conf]$ pwd /app/zookeeper/conf [yun@mini03 conf]$ vim zoo.cfg #单个客户端与单台服务器之间的连接数的限制，是ip级别的，默认是60，如果设置为0，那么表明不作任何限制。 maxClientCnxns=1500 # The number of milliseconds of each tick tickTime=2000 # The number of ticks that the initial # synchronization phase can take initLimit=10 # The number of ticks that can pass between # sending a request and getting an acknowledgement syncLimit=5 # the directory where the snapshot is stored. # do not use /tmp for storage, /tmp here is just # example sakes. # dataDir=/tmp/zookeeper dataDir=/app/bigdata/zookeeper/data # the port at which the clients will connect clientPort=2181 # # Be sure to read the maintenance section of the # administrator guide before turning on autopurge. # # http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance # # The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir #autopurge.snapRetainCount=3 # Purge task interval in hours # Set to "0" to disable auto purge feature #autopurge.purgeInterval=1

# leader和follow通信端口和投票选举端口 server.3=mini03:2888:3888 server.4=mini04:2888:3888 server.5=mini05:2888:3888 server.6=mini06:2888:3888 server.7=mini07:2888:3888

6.2. 添加myid文件

[yun@mini03 data]$ pwd /app/bigdata/zookeeper/data [yun@mini03 data]$ vim myid # 其中mini03的myid 为3；mini04的myid 为4；mini05的myid 为5；mini06的myid 为6；mini07的myid 为7 3

6.3. 启动zk服务

# 依次在启动mini03、mini04、mini05、mini06、mini07 zk服务 [yun@mini03 ~]$ cd zookeeper/bin/ [yun@mini03 bin]$ pwd /app/zookeeper/bin [yun@mini03 bin]$ ll total 56 -rwxr-xr-x 1 yun yun 238 Oct 1 2012 README.txt -rwxr-xr-x 1 yun yun 1909 Oct 1 2012 zkCleanup.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 yun yun 1049 Oct 1 2012 zkCli.cmd -rwxr-xr-x 1 yun yun 1512 Oct 1 2012 zkCli.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 yun yun 1333 Oct 1 2012 zkEnv.cmd -rwxr-xr-x 1 yun yun 2599 Oct 1 2012 zkEnv.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 yun yun 1084 Oct 1 2012 zkServer.cmd -rwxr-xr-x 1 yun yun 5467 Oct 1 2012 zkServer.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 yun yun 17522 Jun 28 21:01 zookeeper.out [yun@mini03 bin]$ ./zkServer.sh start JMX enabled by default Using config: /app/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Starting zookeeper ... STARTED

6.4. 查询运行状态

# 其中mini03、mini04、mini06、mini07状态如下 [yun@mini03 bin]$ ./zkServer.sh status JMX enabled by default Using config: /app/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: follower

# 其中mini05 状态如下 [yun@mini05 bin]$ ./zkServer.sh status JMX enabled by default Using config: /app/zookeeper/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Mode: leader

PS：4个follower 1个leader

7. Hadoop部署与配置修改

　　注意：每台机器的Hadoop以及配置相同

7.1. 部署

[yun@mini01 software]$ pwd /app/software [yun@mini01 software]$ ll total 194152 -rw-r--r-- 1 yun yun 198811365 Jun 8 16:36 CentOS-7.4_hadoop-2.7.6.tar.gz [yun@mini01 software]$ tar xf CentOS-7.4_hadoop-2.7.6.tar.gz [yun@mini01 software]$ mv hadoop-2.7.6/ /app/ [yun@mini01 software]$ cd [yun@mini01 ~]$ ln -s hadoop-2.7.6/ hadoop [yun@mini01 ~]$ ll total 4 lrwxrwxrwx 1 yun yun 13 Jun 9 16:21 hadoop -> hadoop-2.7.6/ drwxr-xr-x 9 yun yun 149 Jun 8 16:36 hadoop-2.7.6 lrwxrwxrwx 1 yun yun 12 May 26 11:18 jdk -> jdk1.8.0_112 drwxr-xr-x 8 yun yun 255 Sep 23 2016 jdk1.8.0_112

7.2. 环境变量

[root@mini01 profile.d]# pwd /etc/profile.d [root@mini01 profile.d]# vim hadoop.sh export HADOOP_HOME="/app/hadoop" export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$PATH [root@mini01 profile.d]# source /etc/profile # 生效

7.3. core-site.xml

[yun@mini01 hadoop]$ pwd /app/hadoop/etc/hadoop [yun@mini01 hadoop]$ vim core-site.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-08/configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>  <property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://bi/</value> </property>

<property> <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name> <value>/app/hadoop/tmp</value> </property>

<property> <name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name> <value>mini03:2181,mini04:2181,mini05:2181,mini06:2181,mini07:2181</value> </property>

</configuration>

7.4. hdfs-site.xml

[yun@mini01 hadoop]$ pwd /app/hadoop/etc/hadoop [yun@mini01 hadoop]$ vim hdfs-site.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-08/configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>  <property> <name>dfs.nameservices</name> <value>bi</value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.ha.namenodes.bi</name> <value>nn1,nn2</value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.bi.nn1</name> <value>mini01:9000</value> </property>  <property> <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.bi.nn1</name> <value>mini01:50070</value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.bi.nn2</name> <value>mini02:9000</value> </property>  <property> <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.bi.nn2</name> <value>mini02:50070</value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name> <value>qjournal://mini05:8485;mini06:8485;mini07:8485/bi</value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dir</name> <value>/app/hadoop/journaldata</value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled</name> <value>true</value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.bi</name> <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider</value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methods</name> <value> sshfence shell(/bin/true) </value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files</name> <value>/app/.ssh/id_rsa</value> </property>

<property> <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.connect-timeout</name> <value>30000</value> </property>

</configuration>

7.5. mapred-site.xml

[yun@mini01 hadoop]$ pwd /app/hadoop/etc/hadoop [yun@mini01 hadoop]$ cp -a mapred-site.xml.template mapred-site.xml [yun@mini01 hadoop]$ vim mapred-site.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-08/configuration.xsl"?>

<configuration>  <property> <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name> <value>yarn</value> </property>

</configuration>

7.6. yarn-site.xml

[yun@mini01 hadoop]$ pwd /app/hadoop/etc/hadoop [yun@mini01 hadoop]$ vim yarn-site.xml <?xml version="1.0"?>  <configuration>

<property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabled</name> <value>true</value> </property>

<property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-id</name> <value>yrc</value> </property>

<property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-ids</name> <value>rm1,rm2</value> </property>

<property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm1</name> <value>mini03</value> </property> <property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm2</name> <value>mini04</value> </property>

<property> <name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-address</name> <value>mini03:2181,mini04:2181,mini05:2181,mini06:2181,mini07:2181</value> </property>

<property> <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name> <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value> </property>

</configuration>

7.7. 修改slaves

slaves是指定子节点的位置，因为要在mini01上启动HDFS、在mini03启动yarn，所以mini01上的slaves文件指定的是datanode的位置，mini03上的slaves文件指定的是nodemanager的位置

[yun@mini01 hadoop]$ pwd /app/hadoop/etc/hadoop [yun@mini01 hadoop]$ vim slaves mini05 mini06 mini07

PS：改后配置后，将这些配置拷到其他Hadoop机器

8. 启动相关服务

　　注意：第一次启动时严格按照下面的步骤！！！！！！！

8.1. 启动zookeeper集群

前面已经启动了，这里就不说了

8.2. 启动journalnode

# 根据规划在mini05、mini06、mini07 启动 # 在第一次格式化的时候需要先启动journalnode 之后就不必了 [yun@mini05 ~]$ hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode # 已经配置环境变量，所以不用进入到响应的目录 starting journalnode, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/hadoop-yun-journalnode-mini05.out [yun@mini05 ~]$ jps 1281 QuorumPeerMain 1817 Jps 1759 JournalNode

8.3. 格式化HDFS

# 在mini01上执行命令 [yun@mini01 ~]$ hdfs namenode -format 18/06/30 18:29:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: /************************************************************ STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode STARTUP_MSG: host = mini01/10.0.0.111 STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format] STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.7.6 STARTUP_MSG: classpath = ……………… STARTUP_MSG: build = Unknown -r Unknown; compiled by 'root' on 2018-06-08T08:30Z STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.8.0_112 ************************************************************/ 18/06/30 18:29:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT] 18/06/30 18:29:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-format] Formatting using clusterid: CID-2385f26e-72e6-4935-aa09-47848b5ba4be 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: No KeyProvider found. 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsLock is fair: true 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Detailed lock hold time metrics enabled: false 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=1000 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.namenode.datanode.registration.ip-hostname-check=true 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.namenode.startup.delay.block.deletion.sec is set to 000:00:00:00.000 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: The block deletion will start around 2018 Jun 30 18:29:13 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 19.3 MB 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^21 = 2097152 entries 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication = 3 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication = 512 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication = 1 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams = 2 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheckInterval = 3000 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfer = false 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxNumBlocksToLog = 1000 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner = yun (auth:SIMPLE) 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup = supergroup 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = true 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Determined nameservice ID: bi 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: true 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory 966.7 MB = 9.7 MB 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^20 = 1048576 entries 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: ACLs enabled? false 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: XAttrs enabled? true 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: Maximum size of an xattr: 16384 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map cachedBlocks 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 966.7 MB = 2.4 MB 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^18 = 262144 entries 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension = 30000 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.window.num.buckets = 10 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.num.users = 10 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.windows.minutes = 1,5,25 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRetryCache 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 966.7 MB = 297.0 KB 18/06/30 18:29:13 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^15 = 32768 entries 18/06/30 18:29:14 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-1178102935-10.0.0.111-1530354554626 18/06/30 18:29:14 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /app/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name has been successfully formatted. 18/06/30 18:29:14 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Saving image file /app/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 using no compression 18/06/30 18:29:14 INFO namenode.FSImageFormatProtobuf: Image file /app/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name/current/fsimage.ckpt_0000000000000000000 of size 320 bytes saved in 0 seconds. 18/06/30 18:29:15 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0 18/06/30 18:29:15 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0 18/06/30 18:29:15 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: /************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at mini01/10.0.0.111 ************************************************************/

拷贝到mini02

#格式化后会在根据core-site.xml中的hadoop.tmp.dir配置生成个文件，这里我配置的是/app/hadoop/tmp，然后将/app/hadoop/tmp拷贝到mini02的/app/hadoop/下。 # 方法1： [yun@mini01 hadoop]$ pwd /app/hadoop [yun@mini01 hadoop]$ scp -r tmp/ yun@mini02:/app/hadoop VERSION 100% 202 189.4KB/s 00:00 seen_txid 100% 2 1.0KB/s 00:00 fsimage_0000000000000000000.md5 100% 62 39.7KB/s 00:00 fsimage_0000000000000000000 100% 320 156.1KB/s 00:00

##########################3 # 方法2：##也可以这样，建议hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby # 不过需要mini02的Hadoop起来才行

8.4. 格式化ZKFC

#在mini01上执行一次即可 [yun@mini01 ~]$ hdfs zkfc -formatZK 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO tools.DFSZKFailoverController: Failover controller configured for NameNode NameNode at mini01/10.0.0.111:9000 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.4.6-1569965, built on 02/20/2014 09:09 GMT 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:host.name=mini01 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.version=1.8.0_112 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.home=/app/jdk1.8.0_112/jre 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.class.path=…………………… 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.library.path=/app/hadoop-2.7.6/lib/native 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=/tmp 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:java.compiler=<NA> 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.name=Linux 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.arch=amd64 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:os.version=3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.name=yun 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.home=/app 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Client environment:user.dir=/app/hadoop-2.7.6 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Initiating client connection, connectString=mini03:2181,mini04:2181,mini05:2181,mini06:2181,mini07:2181 sessionTimeout=5000 watcher=org.apache.hadoop.ha.ActiveStandbyElector$WatcherWithClientRef@7f3b84b8 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Opening socket connection to server mini04/10.0.0.114:2181. Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (unknown error) 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Socket connection established to mini04/10.0.0.114:2181, initiating session 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: Session establishment complete on server mini04/10.0.0.114:2181, sessionid = 0x4644fff9cb80000, negotiated timeout = 5000 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO ha.ActiveStandbyElector: Session connected. 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO ha.ActiveStandbyElector: Successfully created /hadoop-ha/bi in ZK. 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ZooKeeper: Session: 0x4644fff9cb80000 closed 18/06/30 18:54:30 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: EventThread shut down

8.5. 启动HDFS

# 在mini01上执行 [yun@mini01 ~]$ start-dfs.sh Starting namenodes on [mini01 mini02] mini01: starting namenode, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/hadoop-yun-namenode-mini01.out mini02: starting namenode, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/hadoop-yun-namenode-mini02.out mini07: starting datanode, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/hadoop-yun-datanode-mini07.out mini06: starting datanode, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/hadoop-yun-datanode-mini06.out mini05: starting datanode, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/hadoop-yun-datanode-mini05.out Starting journal nodes [mini05 mini06 mini07] mini07: journalnode running as process 1691. Stop it first. mini06: journalnode running as process 1665. Stop it first. mini05: journalnode running as process 1759. Stop it first. Starting ZK Failover Controllers on NN hosts [mini01 mini02] mini01: starting zkfc, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/hadoop-yun-zkfc-mini01.out mini02: starting zkfc, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/hadoop-yun-zkfc-mini02.out

8.6. 启动YARN

#####注意#####：是在mini03上执行start-yarn.sh，把namenode和resourcemanager分开是因为性能问题 # 因为他们都要占用大量资源，所以把他们分开了，他们分开了就要分别在不同的机器上启动 [yun@mini03 ~]$ start-yarn.sh starting yarn daemons starting resourcemanager, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/yarn-yun-resourcemanager-mini03.out mini06: starting nodemanager, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/yarn-yun-nodemanager-mini06.out mini07: starting nodemanager, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/yarn-yun-nodemanager-mini07.out mini05: starting nodemanager, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/yarn-yun-nodemanager-mini05.out

################################ # 在mini04启动 resourcemanager [yun@mini04 ~]$ yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager # 也可用start-yarn.sh starting resourcemanager, logging to /app/hadoop-2.7.6/logs/yarn-yun-resourcemanager-mini04.out

8.7. 启动说明

# 第一次启动的时候请严格按照上面的步骤【第一次涉及格式化问题】

# 第二次以及之后，步骤为：启动zookeeper、HDFS、YARN

9. 浏览访问

9.1. Hdfs访问

9.1.1. 正常情况访问

http://mini01:50070

http://mini02:50070

9.1.2. mini01挂了Active自动切换

# mini01操作 [yun@mini01 ~]$ jps 3584 DFSZKFailoverController 3283 NameNode 5831 Jps [yun@mini01 ~]$ kill 3283 [yun@mini01 ~]$ jps 3584 DFSZKFailoverController 5893 Jps

Namenode挂了所以mini01不能访问 http://mini02:50070

可见Hadoop已经切换过去了，之后mini01即使起来了，状态也只能为standby 。

9.2. Yarn访问

http://mini03:8088

http://mini04:8088 会直接跳转到http://mini03:8088/

# 该图从其他地方截取，所以不怎么匹配

# Linux下访问 [yun@mini01 ~]$ curl mini04:8088 This is standby RM. The redirect url is: http://mini03:8088/

HA完毕

10. 集群运维测试

10.1. Haadmin与状态切换管理

[yun@mini01 ~]$ hdfs haadmin Usage: haadmin [-transitionToActive [--forceactive] <serviceId>] [-transitionToStandby <serviceId>] [-failover [--forcefence] [--forceactive] <serviceId> <serviceId>] [-getServiceState <serviceId>] [-checkHealth <serviceId>] [-help <command>]

Generic options supported are -conf <configuration file> specify an application configuration file -D <property=value> use value for given property -fs <local|namenode:port> specify a namenode -jt <local|resourcemanager:port> specify a ResourceManager -files <comma separated list of files> specify comma separated files to be copied to the map reduce cluster -libjars <comma separated list of jars> specify comma separated jar files to include in the classpath. -archives <comma separated list of archives> specify comma separated archives to be unarchived on the compute machines.

The general command line syntax is bin/hadoop command [genericOptions] [commandOptions]

可以看到，状态操作的命令示例：

# 查看namenode工作状态 hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn1

# 将standby状态namenode切换到active hdfs haadmin -transitionToActive nn1

# 将active状态namenode切换到standby hdfs haadmin -transitionToStandby nn2

10.2. 测试集群工作状态的一些指令

测试集群工作状态的一些指令： hdfs dfsadmin -report 查看hdfs的各节点状态信息 hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn1 # hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn2 获取一个namenode节点的HA状态 hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode 单独启动一个namenode进程 hadoop-daemon.sh start zkfc 单独启动一个zkfc进程

10.3. Datanode动态上下线

Datanode动态上下线很简单，步骤如下：

　　a) 准备一台服务器，设置好环境

　　b) 部署hadoop的安装包，并同步集群配置

　　c) 联网上线，新datanode会自动加入集群

　　d) 如果是一次增加大批datanode，还应该做集群负载重均衡

10.4. 数据块的balance

启动balancer的命令：

start-balancer.sh -threshold 8

运行之后，会有Balancer进程出现：

上述命令设置了Threshold为8%，那么执行balancer命令的时候，首先统计所有DataNode的磁盘利用率的均值，然后判断如果某一个DataNode的磁盘利用率超过这个均值Threshold，那么将会把这个DataNode的block转移到磁盘利用率低的DataNode，这对于新节点的加入来说十分有用。Threshold的值为1到100之间，不显示的进行参数设置的话，默认是10。

本文参与腾讯云自媒体分享计划，分享自作者个人站点/博客。

如有侵权请联系 cloudcommunity@tencent.com 删除

hadoop