tomcat-整启动流程-源码解析

/**
 * Main method and entry point when starting Tomcat via the provided
 * scripts.
 *
 * @param args Command line arguments to be processed
 * tomcat 核心启动类 主线程类
 */
public static void main(String args[]) {
    //线程同步方式启动
    synchronized (daemonLock) {
        if (daemon == null) {
            //创建 自身
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            try {
                //创建 tomcat自身的初始化
                bootstrap.init();
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                handleThrowable(t);
                t.printStackTrace();
                return;
            }
            daemon = bootstrap;
        } else {
            // When running as a service the call to stop will be on a new
            // thread so make sure the correct class loader is used to
            // prevent a range of class not found exceptions.
            Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(daemon.catalinaLoader);
        }
    }

    try {
        //默认为启动 标识
        String command = "start";
        //如果args长度大于0
        if (args.length > 0) {
            //重新赋值
            command = args[args.length - 1];
        }

        if (command.equals("startd")) {
            args[args.length - 1] = "start";
            daemon.load(args);
            daemon.start();
        } else if (command.equals("stopd")) {
            args[args.length - 1] = "stop";
            daemon.stop();
        } else if (command.equals("start")) {
            //线程等待，否则tomcat直接就关闭了;就类似于守护线程
            daemon.setAwait(true);
            //加载
            daemon.load(args);
            daemon.start();
            if (null == daemon.getServer()) {
                System.exit(1);
            }
        } else if (command.equals("stop")) {
            daemon.stopServer(args);
        } else if (command.equals("configtest")) {
            daemon.load(args);
            if (null == daemon.getServer()) {
                System.exit(1);
            }
            System.exit(0);
        } else {
            log.warn("Bootstrap: command \"" + command + "\" does not exist.");
        }
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        // Unwrap the Exception for clearer error reporting
        if (t instanceof InvocationTargetException &&
                t.getCause() != null) {
            t = t.getCause();
        }
        handleThrowable(t);
        t.printStackTrace();
        System.exit(1);
    }
}

/**
 * bootstartp 初始化方法
 * Initialize daemon.
 * @throws Exception Fatal initialization error
 */
public void init() throws Exception {
    //初始化类加载器 其中包含 catalinaLoader和sharedLoader
    initClassLoaders();
    //将catalinaLoader 放到当前线上下文中
    Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(catalinaLoader);
    //将catalinaLoader 加载到权限管理中
    SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(catalinaLoader);

    // 是否打印日志开关
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Loading startup class");
    }
    //通过反射方式调用 catalina方法
    Class<?> startupClass = catalinaLoader.loadClass("org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina");
    Object startupInstance = startupClass.getConstructor().newInstance();

    // Set the shared extensions class loader
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Setting startup class properties");
    }
    //方法名称为：setParentClassLoader
    String methodName = "setParentClassLoader";
    Class<?> paramTypes[] = new Class[1];
    paramTypes[0] = Class.forName("java.lang.ClassLoader");
    Object paramValues[] = new Object[1];
    //类加载器
    paramValues[0] = sharedLoader;
    Method method =
        startupInstance.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
    //通过反射方式调用
    method.invoke(startupInstance, paramValues);
    //将这个对象赋值到 catalinaDaemon
    catalinaDaemon = startupInstance;
}

private void load(String[] arguments) throws Exception {

    // Call the load() method 加载的方法名称为load
    String methodName = "load";
    Object param[];
    Class<?> paramTypes[];
    //当arguments为空或长度为0时将paramTypes和param 赋为空。
    if (arguments==null || arguments.length==0) {
        paramTypes = null;
        param = null;
    } else {
        paramTypes = new Class[1];
        paramTypes[0] = arguments.getClass();
        param = new Object[1];
        param[0] = arguments;
    }
    //通过 server.xml获取org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina里面的方法为load
    Method method =
        catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Calling startup class " + method);
    }
    //通过反射调用 catalina里面的load无参方法
    method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, param);
}

public void load() {
    //如果为false则直接返回
    if (loaded) {
        return;
    }
    loaded = true;

    long t1 = System.nanoTime();
    //空方法 该方式不做其他操作
    initDirs();

    // Before digester - it may be needed
    initNaming();

    // Create and execute our Digester
    Digester digester = createStartDigester();

    InputSource inputSource = null;
    InputStream inputStream = null;
    File file = null;
    //以下是通过流的方式进行加载，然后解析
    try {
        try {
            file = configFile();
            inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
            inputSource = new InputSource(file.toURI().toURL().toString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail", file), e);
            }
        }
        if (inputStream == null) {
            try {
                inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                    .getResourceAsStream(getConfigFile());
                inputSource = new InputSource
                    (getClass().getClassLoader()
                     .getResource(getConfigFile()).toString());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                            getConfigFile()), e);
                }
            }
        }

        // This should be included in catalina.jar
        // Alternative: don't bother with xml, just create it manually.
        if (inputStream == null) {
            try {
                inputStream = getClass().getClassLoader()
                        .getResourceAsStream("server-embed.xml");
                inputSource = new InputSource
                (getClass().getClassLoader()
                        .getResource("server-embed.xml").toString());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                            "server-embed.xml"), e);
                }
            }
        }


        if (inputStream == null || inputSource == null) {
            if  (file == null) {
                log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                        getConfigFile() + "] or [server-embed.xml]"));
            } else {
                log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail",
                        file.getAbsolutePath()));
                if (file.exists() && !file.canRead()) {
                    log.warn("Permissions incorrect, read permission is not allowed on the file.");
                }
            }
            return;
        }

        try {
            inputSource.setByteStream(inputStream);
            digester.push(this);
            //最终在这里进行解析;
            digester.parse(inputSource);
        } catch (SAXParseException spe) {
            log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " +
                    spe.getMessage());
            return;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn("Catalina.start using " + getConfigFile() + ": " , e);
            return;
        }
    } finally {
        if (inputStream != null) {
            try {
                //关闭流
                inputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // Ignore
            }
        }
    }
    //进行双向绑定 绑定到server中，而catalina也可以获取到server。
    getServer().setCatalina(this);
    getServer().setCatalinaHome(Bootstrap.getCatalinaHomeFile());
    getServer().setCatalinaBase(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBaseFile());

    // Stream redirection
    initStreams();

    // Start the new server
    try {
        //启动服务 这些是通过责任链进行管理 进行初始化操作
        getServer().init();
    } catch (LifecycleException e) {
        if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE")) {
            throw new java.lang.Error(e);
        } else {
            log.error("Catalina.start", e);
        }
    }

    long t2 = System.nanoTime();
    if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
        log.info("Initialization processed in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
    }
}

protected Digester createStartDigester() {
    long t1=System.currentTimeMillis();
    // Initialize the digester 初始化解析器
    Digester digester = new Digester();
    //解析器标志为false
    digester.setValidating(false);
    //执行标记为成
    digester.setRulesValidation(true);
    //用于存放对象信息 其中包含 类名 来源 端口编移配置
    Map<Class<?>, List<String>> fakeAttributes = new HashMap<>();
    // Ignore className on all elements
    List<String> objectAttrs = new ArrayList<>();
    objectAttrs.add("className");
    fakeAttributes.put(Object.class, objectAttrs);
    // Ignore attribute added by Eclipse for its internal tracking
    List<String> contextAttrs = new ArrayList<>();
    contextAttrs.add("source");
    fakeAttributes.put(StandardContext.class, contextAttrs);
    // Ignore Connector attribute used internally but set on Server
    List<String> connectorAttrs = new ArrayList<>();
    connectorAttrs.add("portOffset");
    fakeAttributes.put(Connector.class, connectorAttrs);
    digester.setFakeAttributes(fakeAttributes);
    digester.setUseContextClassLoader(true);

    // Configure the actions we will be using
    //以下这些都是在xml的类型
    digester.addObjectCreate("Server",
                             "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer",
                             "className");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server");
    digester.addSetNext("Server",
                        "setServer",
                        "org.apache.catalina.Server");

    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                             "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/GlobalNamingResources");
    digester.addSetNext("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
                        "setGlobalNamingResources",
                        "org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");

    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Listener",
                             null, // MUST be specified in the element
                             "className");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/Listener");
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Listener",
                        "addLifecycleListener",
                        "org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");

    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service",
                             "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService",
                             "className");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service");
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service",
                        "addService",
                        "org.apache.catalina.Service");

    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Listener",
                             null, // MUST be specified in the element
                             "className");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Listener");
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Listener",
                        "addLifecycleListener",
                        "org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");

    //Executor 该线程池在最新版本中被屏蔽了 可查看server.xml <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Executor",
                     "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardThreadExecutor",
                     "className");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Executor");

    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Executor",
                        "addExecutor",
                        "org.apache.catalina.Executor");

    digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
                     new ConnectorCreateRule());
    digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
                     new SetAllPropertiesRule(new String[]{"executor", "sslImplementationName"}));
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector",
                        "addConnector",
                        "org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector");

    digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector", new AddPortOffsetRule());

    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig",
                             "org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfig");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig");
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig",
            "addSslHostConfig",
            "org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfig");

    digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/Certificate",
                     new CertificateCreateRule());
    digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/Certificate",
                     new SetAllPropertiesRule(new String[]{"type"}));
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/Certificate",
                        "addCertificate",
                        "org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfigCertificate");

    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf",
                             "org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLConf");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf");
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf",
                        "setOpenSslConf",
                        "org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLConf");

    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf/OpenSSLConfCmd",
                             "org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLConfCmd");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf/OpenSSLConfCmd");
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/OpenSSLConf/OpenSSLConfCmd",
                        "addCmd",
                        "org.apache.tomcat.util.net.openssl.OpenSSLConfCmd");

    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
                             null, // MUST be specified in the element
                             "className");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/Listener");
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
                        "addLifecycleListener",
                        "org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");

    digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/UpgradeProtocol",
                              null, // MUST be specified in the element
                              "className");
    digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/UpgradeProtocol");
    digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/UpgradeProtocol",
                        "addUpgradeProtocol",
                        "org.apache.coyote.UpgradeProtocol");

    // Add RuleSets for nested elements
    digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/GlobalNamingResources/"));
    digester.addRuleSet(new EngineRuleSet("Server/Service/"));
    digester.addRuleSet(new HostRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/"));
    digester.addRuleSet(new ContextRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/"));
    addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Host/Cluster/");
    digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/Context/"));

    // When the 'engine' is found, set the parentClassLoader.
    digester.addRule("Server/Service/Engine",
                     new SetParentClassLoaderRule(parentClassLoader));
    addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Cluster/");

    long t2=System.currentTimeMillis();
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
        log.debug("Digester for server.xml created " + ( t2-t1 ));
    }
    return digester;

}

@Override
public final synchronized void init() throws LifecycleException {
    if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
        invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT);
    }

    try {
        //设置生命周期状态
        setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZING, null, false);
        initInternal();
        setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED, null, false);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        handleSubClassException(t, "lifecycleBase.initFail", toString());
    }
}

@Override
protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {

    super.initInternal();

    // Register global String cache
    // Note although the cache is global, if there are multiple Servers
    // present in the JVM (may happen when embedding) then the same cache
    // will be registered under multiple names
    onameStringCache = register(new StringCache(), "type=StringCache");

    // Register the MBeanFactory
    MBeanFactory factory = new MBeanFactory();
    factory.setContainer(this);
    onameMBeanFactory = register(factory, "type=MBeanFactory");

    // Register the naming resources
    globalNamingResources.init();

    // Populate the extension validator with JARs from common and shared
    // class loaders
    if (getCatalina() != null) {
        ClassLoader cl = getCatalina().getParentClassLoader();
        // Walk the class loader hierarchy. Stop at the system class loader.
        // This will add the shared (if present) and common class loaders
        while (cl != null && cl != ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()) {
            if (cl instanceof URLClassLoader) {
                URL[] urls = ((URLClassLoader) cl).getURLs();
                for (URL url : urls) {
                    if (url.getProtocol().equals("file")) {
                        try {
                            File f = new File (url.toURI());
                            if (f.isFile() &&
                                    f.getName().endsWith(".jar")) {
                                ExtensionValidator.addSystemResource(f);
                            }
                        } catch (URISyntaxException | IOException e) {
                            // Ignore
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            cl = cl.getParent();
        }
    }
    // Initialize our defined Services 初始化service
    for (Service service : services) {
        service.init();
    }
}

//加载 web.xml 中<resource-ref> 的资源配置
@Override
protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    super.initInternal();

    // Set this before we register currently known naming resources to avoid
    // timing issues. Duplication registration is not an issue.
    resourceRequireExplicitRegistration = true;
    //循环创建
    for (ContextResource cr : resources.values()) {
        try {
            MBeanUtils.createMBean(cr);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn(sm.getString(
                    "namingResources.mbeanCreateFail", cr.getName()), e);
        }
    }
    //循环创建多个
    for (ContextEnvironment ce : envs.values()) {
        try {
            MBeanUtils.createMBean(ce);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn(sm.getString(
                    "namingResources.mbeanCreateFail", ce.getName()), e);
        }
    }

    for (ContextResourceLink crl : resourceLinks.values()) {
        try {
            MBeanUtils.createMBean(crl);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.warn(sm.getString(
                    "namingResources.mbeanCreateFail", crl.getName()), e);
        }
    }
}

@Override
protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {

    super.initInternal();

    if (engine != null) {
        //初始化engine的角色信息
        engine.init();
    }

    // Initialize any Executors 在tomcat8后以后在web.xml中被屏蔽了
    for (Executor executor : findExecutors()) {
        if (executor instanceof JmxEnabled) {
            ((JmxEnabled) executor).setDomain(getDomain());
        }
        executor.init();
    }

    // Initialize mapper listener 初始化生命周期bean中
    mapperListener.init();

    // Initialize our defined Connectors 同步对象锁
    synchronized (connectorsLock) {
        //初始化多个connector
        for (Connector connector : connectors) {
            try {
                connector.init();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                String message = sm.getString(
                        "stxandardService.connector.initFailed", connector);
                log.error(message, e);

                if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE")) {
                    throw new LifecycleException(message);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

@Override
protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    // If oname is not null then registration has already happened via
    // preRegister().
    if (oname == null) {
        mserver = Registry.getRegistry(null, null).getMBeanServer();

        oname = register(this, getObjectNameKeyProperties());
    }
}

@Override
protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {

    super.initInternal();

    // Initialize adapter
    adapter = new CoyoteAdapter(this);
    protocolHandler.setAdapter(adapter);

    // Make sure parseBodyMethodsSet has a default
    if (null == parseBodyMethodsSet) {
        setParseBodyMethods(getParseBodyMethods());
    }

    if (protocolHandler.isAprRequired() && !AprLifecycleListener.isInstanceCreated()) {
        throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("coyoteConnector.protocolHandlerNoAprListener",
                getProtocolHandlerClassName()));
    }
    if (protocolHandler.isAprRequired() && !AprLifecycleListener.isAprAvailable()) {
        throw new LifecycleException(sm.getString("coyoteConnector.protocolHandlerNoAprLibrary",
                getProtocolHandlerClassName()));
    }
    if (AprLifecycleListener.isAprAvailable() && AprLifecycleListener.getUseOpenSSL() &&
            protocolHandler instanceof AbstractHttp11JsseProtocol) {
        AbstractHttp11JsseProtocol<?> jsseProtocolHandler =
                (AbstractHttp11JsseProtocol<?>) protocolHandler;
        if (jsseProtocolHandler.isSSLEnabled() &&
                jsseProtocolHandler.getSslImplementationName() == null) {
            // OpenSSL is compatible with the JSSE configuration, so use it if APR is available
            jsseProtocolHandler.setSslImplementationName(OpenSSLImplementation.class.getName());
        }
    }

    try {
        protocolHandler.init();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        throw new LifecycleException(
                sm.getString("coyoteConnector.protocolHandlerInitializationFailed"), e);
    }
}

@Override
public void init() throws Exception {
    // Upgrade protocols have to be configured first since the endpoint
    // init (triggered via super.init() below) uses this list to configure
    // the list of ALPN protocols to advertise
    for (UpgradeProtocol upgradeProtocol : upgradeProtocols) {
        configureUpgradeProtocol(upgradeProtocol);
    }

    super.init();

    // Set the Http11Protocol (i.e. this) for any upgrade protocols once
    // this has completed initialisation as the upgrade protocols may expect this
    // to be initialised when the call is made
    for (UpgradeProtocol upgradeProtocol : upgradeProtocols) {
        if (upgradeProtocol instanceof Http2Protocol) {
            ((Http2Protocol) upgradeProtocol).setHttp11Protocol(this);
        }
    }
}

protected class CatalinaShutdownHook extends Thread {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            if (getServer() != null) {
                Catalina.this.stop();
            }
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(ex);
            log.error(sm.getString("catalina.shutdownHookFail"), ex);
        } finally {
            // If JULI is used, shut JULI down *after* the server shuts down
            // so log messages aren't lost
            LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
            if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) {
                ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
public void load() {

    if (loaded) {
        return;
    }
    loaded = true;

    long t1 = System.nanoTime();

    initDirs();

    // Before digester - it may be needed
    initNaming();

    // Set configuration source
    ConfigFileLoader.setSource(new CatalinaBaseConfigurationSource(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBaseFile(), getConfigFile()));
    File file = configFile();

    // 创建解析器(核心方法)
    Digester digester = createStartDigester();

    try (ConfigurationSource.Resource resource = ConfigFileLoader.getSource().getServerXml()) {
        InputStream inputStream = resource.getInputStream();
        InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(resource.getURI().toURL().toString());
        inputSource.setByteStream(inputStream);
        digester.push(this);
        digester.parse(inputSource);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail", file.getAbsolutePath()), e);
        if (file.exists() && !file.canRead()) {
            log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.incorrectPermissions"));
        }
        return;
    }
    //进行双向绑定 绑定到server中，而catalina也可以获取到server。
    getServer().setCatalina(this);
    getServer().setCatalinaHome(Bootstrap.getCatalinaHomeFile());
    getServer().setCatalinaBase(Bootstrap.getCatalinaBaseFile());

    // Stream redirection
    initStreams();

    // Start the new server
    try {
        //初始化服务操作
        getServer().init();
    } catch (LifecycleException e) {
        if (Boolean.getBoolean("org.apache.catalina.startup.EXIT_ON_INIT_FAILURE")) {
            throw new java.lang.Error(e);
        } else {
            log.error(sm.getString("catalina.initError"), e);
        }
    }

    long t2 = System.nanoTime();
    if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
        log.info(sm.getString("catalina.init", Long.valueOf((t2 - t1) / 1000000)));
    }
}}

protected void initNaming() {
    // Setting additional variables
    if (!useNaming) {
        log.info(sm.getString("catalina.noNaming"));
        System.setProperty("catalina.useNaming", "false");
    } else {
        //设置系统属性catalina.useNaming 为true
        System.setProperty("catalina.useNaming", "true");
        String value = "org.apache.naming";
        String oldValue =
            System.getProperty(javax.naming.Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES);
        //如果系统属性中该值已存在 则将新值：老值这样拼上;
        if (oldValue != null) {
            value = value + ":" + oldValue;
        }
        //设置java.naming.factory.url.pkgs 为 org.apache.naming
        System.setProperty(javax.naming.Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, value);
        if( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
            log.debug("Setting naming prefix=" + value);
        }
        //获取系统属性java.naming.factory.initial
        value = System.getProperty
            (javax.naming.Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY);
        if (value == null) {
            System.setProperty
                (javax.naming.Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
                 "org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory");
        } else {
            log.debug( "INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY already set " + value );
        }
    }
}

@Override
public final synchronized void init() throws LifecycleException {
    if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
        invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT);
    }

    try {
        //设置生命周期状态
        setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZING, null, false);
        initInternal();
        setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED, null, false);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        handleSubClassException(t, "lifecycleBase.initFail", toString());
    }
}

public void setProtocol(String protocol) {

    boolean aprConnector = AprLifecycleListener.isAprAvailable() &&
            AprLifecycleListener.getUseAprConnector();

    if ("HTTP/1.1".equals(protocol) || protocol == null) {
        if (aprConnector) {
            setProtocolHandlerClassName("org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol");
        } else {
            setProtocolHandlerClassName("org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol");
        }
    } else if ("AJP/1.3".equals(protocol)) {
        if (aprConnector) {
            setProtocolHandlerClassName("org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol");
        } else {
            setProtocolHandlerClassName("org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpNioProtocol");
        }
    } else {
        setProtocolHandlerClassName(protocol);
    }
}

/**
 * Start a new server instance.
 */
public void start() {

    if (getServer() == null) {
        load();
    }

    if (getServer() == null) {
        log.fatal("Cannot start server. Server instance is not configured.");
        return;
    }

    long t1 = System.nanoTime();

    // Start the new server 启动服务
    try {
        getServer().start();
    } catch (LifecycleException e) {
        log.fatal(sm.getString("catalina.serverStartFail"), e);
        try {
            getServer().destroy();
        } catch (LifecycleException e1) {
            log.debug("destroy() failed for failed Server ", e1);
        }
        return;
    }

    long t2 = System.nanoTime();
    if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
        log.info("Server startup in " + ((t2 - t1) / 1000000) + " ms");
    }

    // Register shutdown hook
    if (useShutdownHook) {
        if (shutdownHook == null) {
            shutdownHook = new CatalinaShutdownHook();
        }
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);

        // If JULI is being used, disable JULI's shutdown hook since
        // shutdown hooks run in parallel and log messages may be lost
        // if JULI's hook completes before the CatalinaShutdownHook()
        LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
        if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) {
            ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                    false);
        }
    }
    //await就是主线程的守护，否则就直接关闭了
    if (await) {
        await();
        //当上面的结束后，才会执行下面的关闭，如果没有就一直等待中,当关闭线程的时候，不会直接就关闭，因为tomcat使用卫钩子函数，通过这个可以优雅关闭。
        stop();
    }
}