用户点击某个请求路径，发起一个 HTTP request 请求，该请求会被提交到 DispatcherServlet（前端控制器）；
由 DispatcherServlet 请求一个或多个 HandlerMapping（处理器映射器），并返回一个执行链（HandlerExecutionChain）。
DispatcherServlet 将执行链返回的 Handler 信息发送给 HandlerAdapter（处理器适配器）；
HandlerAdapter 根据 Handler 信息找到并执行相应的 Handler（常称为 Controller）；
Handler 执行完毕后会返回给 HandlerAdapter 一个 ModelAndView 对象（Spring MVC的底层对象，包括 Model 数据模型和 View 视图信息）；
HandlerAdapter 接收到 ModelAndView 对象后，将其返回给 DispatcherServlet ；
DispatcherServlet 接收到 ModelAndView 对象后，会请求 ViewResolver（视图解析器）对视图进行解析；
ViewResolver 根据 View 信息匹配到相应的视图结果，并返回给 DispatcherServlet；
DispatcherServlet 接收到具体的 View 视图后，进行视图渲染，将 Model 中的模型数据填充到 View 视图中的 request 域，生成最终的 View（视图）；
视图负责将结果显示到浏览器（客户端）。

XML版

搭建环境

导入所需jar包坐标

<packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 事务 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- mysql驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.24</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
            <version>3.7.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--整合-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mvc json -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.10.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--swagger2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.0</version>
        </dependency>


        <!--文件上传-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--jsp相关-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.10</version>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

步骤

1.编写Controller UserController

2.编写jsp页面

3.编写配置文件扫描Controller

4.在web.xml中配置前端控制器

5.编写首页部署项目并访问

实现

1.编写Controller UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/selectAll")
    public String selectAll(){
        return "/list.jsp";
    }
}

2.编写jsp页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    列表页面
</body>
</html>

3.编写springmvc.xml配置文件扫描Controller

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
                  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
                  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
                  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.czxy.mvc.controller"></context:component-scan>

</beans>

4.在web.xml配置前端控制器

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
          http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

5.编写首页部署项目并访问

注解版

搭建环境

导入所需jar包坐标

<packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <!--声明不需要web.xml文件-->
        <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 事务 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- mysql驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.24</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
            <version>3.7.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--整合-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mvc json -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.10.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--swagger2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.0</version>
        </dependency>


        <!--文件上传-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--jsp相关-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.10</version>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

步骤

1.编写Controller UserController

2.编写jsp 转发到jsp

3.编写核心配置类(替代xml版 springconfig.xml)

4.编写核心配置类(web.xm)

5.编写首页部署并访问http://localhost:8080/maven_mvc_anno/user/selectAll.action

实现

1.编写Controller UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/selectAll")
    public String selectAll(){
        return "/list.jsp";
    }
}

2.编写jsp 显示提示 list.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    列表
</body>
</html>

3.编写配置类 MvcConfiguration1 扫描Controller

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.czxy.controller")
public class MvcConfiguration1 {
}

4.编写WebInitializer 配置类

public class WebInitializer1 implements WebApplicationInitializer {

    @Override
    public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
        //1 配置spring工厂
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext application = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        // 注册所有的配置类
        application.register(MvcConfiguration1.class);

        //2 post中文乱码
        FilterRegistration.Dynamic encodingFilter = servletContext.addFilter("encoding", new CharacterEncodingFilter("UTF-8"));
        encodingFilter.addMappingForUrlPatterns(null, true, "/*");

        //3 核心控制器
        ServletRegistration.Dynamic mvcServlet = servletContext.addServlet("springmvc", new DispatcherServlet(application));
        mvcServlet.addMapping("*.action");
        mvcServlet.setLoadOnStartup(2);	//tomcat启动时，执行servlet的初始化方法

    }

}

5.编写首页 index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/selectAll.action">入门案例</a>
</body>
</html>

6.部署并启动服务器访问