C#/.NET 微服务架构：从入门到精通的完整学习路线

// 示例：现代C#在微服务中的典型应用
public record ProductDto(int Id, string Name, decimal Price);

public interface IProductService
{
    Task<ProductDto?> GetProductByIdAsync(int id);
}

// 使用依赖注入注册服务
builder.Services.AddScoped<IProductService, ProductService>();

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// 添加服务到容器
builder.Services.AddControllers();
builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen();

var app = builder.Build();

// 配置HTTP请求管道
if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
    app.UseSwagger();
    app.UseSwaggerUI();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.MapControllers();

app.Run();

builder.Services.AddConsul(client =>
{
    client.Address = new Uri("http://localhost:8500");
});

builder.Services.Configure<ServiceRegistrationConfig>(config =>
{
    config.ServiceID = "product-service-1";
    config.ServiceName = "product-service";
    config.ServiceAddress = new Uri("https://localhost:7001");
});

// ocelot.json 配置示例
{
"Routes": [
    {
      "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/products/{everything}",
      "DownstreamScheme": "https",
      "DownstreamHostAndPorts": [
        {
          "Host": "localhost",
          "Port": 7001
        }
      ],
      "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/products/{everything}",
      "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST" ]
    }
  ]
}

builder.Configuration.AddNacosConfiguration(
    builder.Configuration.GetSection("NacosConfig"));

public classProductService : IProductService
{
    privatereadonly ProductDbContext _context;
    
    public ProductService(ProductDbContext context)
    {
        _context = context;
    }
    
    public async Task<Product> GetProductAsync(int id)
    {
        returnawait _context.Products
            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(p => p.Id == id);
    }
}

public class OrderCreatedEventHandler : ICapSubscribe
{
    [CapSubscribe("order.created")]
    public async Task HandleOrderCreated(OrderCreatedEvent orderEvent)
    {
        // 处理订单创建事件，确保业务一致性
        await UpdateInventoryAsync(orderEvent.ProductId, orderEvent.Quantity);
    }
}

builder.Services.AddOpenTelemetry()
    .WithTracing(tracing =>
    {
        tracing.AddAspNetCoreInstrumentation()
               .AddHttpClientInstrumentation()
               .AddZipkinExporter();
    })
    .WithMetrics(metrics =>
    {
        metrics.AddAspNetCoreInstrumentation()
               .AddRuntimeInstrumentation();
    });

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:8.0 AS base
WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE8080

FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0 AS build
WORKDIR /src
COPY ["ProductService/ProductService.csproj", "ProductService/"]
RUN dotnet restore "ProductService/ProductService.csproj"
COPY . .
RUN dotnet build "ProductService/ProductService.csproj" -c Release -o /app/build

FROM build AS publish
RUN dotnet publish "ProductService/ProductService.csproj" -c Release -o /app/publish

FROM base AS final
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=publish /app/publish .
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "ProductService.dll"]

// 发布消息
await _publisher.PublishAsync("order.created", new OrderCreatedEvent
{
    OrderId = order.Id,
    ProductId = order.ProductId,
    Quantity = order.Quantity
});

// 消费消息
[RabbitMQ("order.created", ExchangeType = "direct")]
public async Task HandleOrderCreated(OrderCreatedEvent orderEvent)
{
    // 处理消息
}

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// 添加Aspire服务默认配置
builder.AddServiceDefaults();

// 添加其他服务
builder.AddRedis("cache");
builder.AddRabbitMQ("event-bus");

var app = builder.Build();

app.MapDefaultEndpoints();
// ... 其他配置