如何在R中将点与图上的直线连接

# 绘制一条直线 y = 2x + 1
plot(NA, xlim = c(-10, 10), ylim = c(-10, 10), xlab = "X", ylab = "Y")
abline(a = 1, b = 2, col = "blue")

# 给定一个点 (3, 4)
point_x <- 3
point_y <- 4
points(point_x, point_y, col = "red", pch = 19)

# 找到直线上距离点 (3, 4) 最近的点
# 直线方程为 y = 2x + 1，所以 x = (y - 1) / 2
nearest_x <- (point_y - 1) / 2
nearest_y <- 2 * nearest_x + 1

# 连接点 (3, 4) 和直线上最近的点
segments(point_x, point_y, nearest_x, nearest_y, col = "green")

# 绘制一条直线 y = 2x + 1
x_line <- seq(-10, 10, by = 0.1)
y_line <- 2 * x_line + 1
plot(x_line, y_line, type = "l", col = "blue", xlab = "X", ylab = "Y")

# 给定一系列点
points_x <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
points_y <- c(3, 5, 4, 7, 9)
points(points_x, points_y, col = "red", pch = 19)

# 连接这些点
lines(points_x, points_y, col = "green")