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Numpy 数学函数及逻辑函数

函数描述用法abs fabs计算 整型/浮点/复数 的绝对值 对于没有复数的快速版本求绝对值np.abs() np.fabs()sqrt计算元素的平方根。等价于array ** 0.5np.sqrt()square计算元素的平方。等价于 array **2np.squart()exp计算以自然常数e为底的幂次方np.exp()log log10 log2 log1p自然对数(e) 基于10的对数 基于2的对数 基于log(1+x)的对数np.log() np.log10() np.log2() np.log1p()sign计算元素的符号:1:正数 0:0 -1:负数np.sign()ceil计算大于或等于元素的最小整数np.ceil()floor计算小于或等于元素的最大整数np.floor()rint对浮点数取整到最近的整数,但不改变浮点数类型np.rint()modf分别返回浮点数的整数和小数部分的数组np.modf()isnan返回布尔数组标识哪些元素是 NaN (不是一个数)np.isnan()isfinite isinf返回布尔数组标识哪些元素是有限的(non-inf, non-NaN)或无限的np.isfiniter() np.isinf()cos, cosh, sin sinh, tan, tanh三角函数 arccos, arccosh, arcsin, arcsinh, arctan, arctanh反三角函数 logical_and/or/not/xor逻辑与/或/非/异或 等价于 ‘&’ ‘|’ ‘!’ ‘^’测试见下方

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numpy.testing.utils

assert_(val, msg='') Assert that works in release mode. assert_almost_equal(actual, desired, decimal=7, err_msg='', verbose=True) Raise an assertion if two items are not equal up to desired precision. The test is equivalent to abs(desired-actual) < 0.5 * 10**(-decimal) Given two objects (numbers or ndarrays), check that all elements of these objects are almost equal. An exception is raised at conflicting values. For ndarrays this delegates to assert_array_almost_equal Parameters ---------- actual : number or ndarray The object to check. desired : number or ndarray The expected object. decimal : integer (decimal=7) desired precision err_msg : string The error message to be printed in case of failure. verbose : bool If True, the conflicting values are appended to the error message. Raises ------ AssertionError If actual and desired are not equal up to specified precision. See Also -------- assert_array_almost_equal: compares array_like objects assert_equal: tests objects for equality Examples -------- >>> npt.assert_almost_equal(2.3333333333333, 2.33333334) >>> npt.assert_almost_equal(2.3333333333333, 2.33333334, decimal=10) ... <type 'exceptions.AssertionError'>: Items are not equal: ACTUAL: 2.3333333333333002 DESIRED: 2.3333333399999998 >>> npt.assert_almost_equal(np.array([1.0,2.3333333333333]), np.array([1.0,2.33333334]), decimal=9) ... <type 'exceptions.AssertionError'>: Arrays are not almost equal <BLANKLINE> (mismatch 50.0%) x: array([ 1. , 2.33333333]) y: array([ 1. , 2.33333334]) assert_approx_equal(actual, desired, significant=7, err_msg='', verbose=True) Raise an assertion if two items are not equal up to significant digits. Given two numbers, check that they are approximately equal. Approximately equal is defined as the number of significant digits that

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