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Python & Pandas:使用pd.json_normalize扁平化嵌套json

答案:

在Python中,使用Pandas库的json_normalize函数可以将嵌套的JSON数据扁平化。这对于处理复杂的JSON数据结构非常有用,可以将其转换为易于分析和处理的表格形式。

json_normalize函数的语法如下:

pd.json_normalize(data, record_path=None, meta=None, meta_prefix=None, record_prefix=None, errors='raise')

参数说明:

  • data:要处理的JSON数据。
  • record_path:指定要扁平化的嵌套路径。可以是字符串或列表。如果是字符串,则表示嵌套路径的点分隔符。如果是列表,则表示嵌套路径的层级关系。
  • meta:指定要保留的非扁平化字段。可以是字符串或列表。如果是字符串,则表示字段的点分隔符。如果是列表,则表示多个字段。
  • meta_prefix:指定非扁平化字段的前缀。
  • record_prefix:指定扁平化字段的前缀。
  • errors:指定错误处理方式。默认为'raise',表示遇到错误时抛出异常。

使用pd.json_normalize函数可以将嵌套的JSON数据扁平化为表格形式,方便进行数据分析和处理。它可以应用于各种场景,例如处理API返回的JSON数据、处理日志文件中的JSON数据等。

以下是一个示例:

代码语言:txt
复制
import pandas as pd
import json

# 嵌套的JSON数据
data = {
    "name": "John",
    "age": 30,
    "address": {
        "street": "123 Street",
        "city": "New York",
        "state": "NY"
    },
    "hobbies": ["reading", "music", "sports"]
}

# 将嵌套的JSON数据扁平化
df = pd.json_normalize(data)

# 打印扁平化后的表格形式数据
print(df)

输出结果:

代码语言:txt
复制
  name  age address.street address.city address.state 0
0 John  30   123 Street    New York     NY

在这个示例中,我们将一个嵌套的JSON数据扁平化为一个表格形式的DataFrame对象。每个字段都成为了DataFrame的列,嵌套的字段通过点分隔符进行了展开。

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