linux 安装图形渲染

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-dev

sudo dnf install mesa-libGL-devel

sudo pacman -S mesa

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libglfw3-dev

sudo dnf install glfw-devel

sudo pacman -S glfw-x11

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev

sudo dnf install SDL2-devel

sudo pacman -S sdl2

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install qt5-default

sudo dnf install qt5-qtbase-devel

sudo pacman -S qt5

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libglad-dev

sudo dnf install glad-devel

sudo pacman -S glad

#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <iostream>

// 顶点着色器源码
const char *vertexShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);\n"
    "}\0";

// 片段着色器源码
const char *fragmentShaderSource = "#version 330 core\n"
    "out vec4 FragColor;\n"
    "void main()\n"
    "{\n"
    "   FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);\n"
    "}\n\0";

int main()
{
    // 初始化GLFW
    if (!glfwInit())
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to initialize GLFW" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 创建窗口
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(800, 600, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    // 初始化GLAD
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 编译顶点着色器
    unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    // 检查顶点着色器编译是否成功
    int success;
    char infoLog[512];
    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cerr << "ERROR::VERTEX_SHADER::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    // 编译片段着色器
    unsigned int fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    // 检查片段着色器编译是否成功
    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success)
    {
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cerr << "ERROR::FRAGMENT_SHADER::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    // 创建着色器程序
    unsigned int shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);

    // 检查着色器程序链接是否成功
    glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success) {
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        std::cerr << "ERROR::SHADER_PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
    }

    // 删除着色器对象
    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);

    // 设置顶点数据
    float vertices[] = {
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
         0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f
    };

    // 创建VAO和VBO
    unsigned int VBO, VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    // 绑定VAO
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    // 绑定并设置VBO
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // 设置顶点属性指针
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

    // 解绑VAO和VBO
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); 
    glBindVertexArray(0); 

    // 渲染循环
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        // 输入处理
        if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
            glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);

        // 渲染指令
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        // 使用着色器程序
        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

        // 交换缓冲区和轮询IO事件
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    // 释放资源
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram);

    // 终止GLFW
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}