四六级习题集之每日一练

2018-02

25

最好的是珍惜时间，最大的浪费是虚度年华。。

一日一签

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各位19考研的宝宝们

四六级习题集之每日一练

今天（正月初十）起又开始恢复啦！

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近3年四六级翻译部分

和一些“仔细阅读”部分

现在开始继续更新

2018

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2018.02.25

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage Two

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.

Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.

For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.

Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.

It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.

Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.

The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.

One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.

If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, sent out beeps（嘟嘟声）, and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.

The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.

46. What does the author say about the threat of robots?

A) It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.

B) It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.

C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

D) It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.

47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?

A) They are aggressive.

B) They are outgoing.

C) They are ignorant.

D) They are ill-bred.

48. How do robots learn human values?

A) By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.

B) By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.

C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

D) By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.

49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?

A) keep a distance from possible dangers.

B) Stop to seek advice from a human being.

C) Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.

D) Do sufficient testing before taking action.

50. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?

A) Determine what is moral and ethical.

B) Design some large-scale experiments.

C) Set rules for man-machine interaction.

D) Develop a more sophisticated program.

解析

46. What does theauthor say about the threat of robots？

[答案]C）It can be avoided if human values aretranslated into their language.

[解析]由题干中的the threat ofrobots定位到第一段。随着人工智能的发展，人们担心机器人会成为威胁，而计算机科学教授认为，如果我们能想办法将人类的价值观转换成代码，这种威胁就可以避免。

47. What would we thinkof a person who invades our personal space according to the author？

[答案]D）They are ill-bred.

[解析]由题干中的personal space定位到第四段最后一句。如果你和别人谈话时，他们进入了你的私人空间，你不会觉得这是有教养的人会做的事情，也就是说，我们觉得会这样做的人教养不够。

48. How do robotslearn human values？

[答案]C）By picking up patterns from massive data onhuman behavior.

[解析]由题干中的learn human values定位到第六段。机器人还可以通过从人类行为的大型数据中提取模式来学习价值观。

49. What will awell-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？

[答案]B）Stop to seek advice from a human being.

[解析]由题干中的a well-programmed robot和an unusual situation定位到第八段。当机器人遇到非常规情景时，可以通过编程使其向人类询问正确的做法。第九段描述，机器人会停下，发出声音，寻求人类的指导。

50. What is mostdifficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？

[答案]A）Determine what is moral and ethical.

[解析]由题干中的most difficult和turn human values into a programmable code定位到最后一段。为价值观编程最困难的步骤就是决定什么是道德的，以及如何创造一套道德准则。