Elasticsearch之中文分词器插件es-ik的自定义词库

双面人

发布于 2019-04-10 10:37:41

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发布于 2019-04-10 10:37:41

文章被收录于专栏：热爱IT热爱IT

前提，

Elasticsearch之中文分词器插件es-ik

　　针对一些特殊的词语在分词的时候也需要能够识别

　　有人会问，那么，例如：

　　　　　　　　　　如果我想根据自己的本家姓氏来查询，如zhouls，姓氏“周”。

　　　　　　　　如果我想根据自己的公司名称来查询，如“好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园”

　　　　　　　　　　如果我想根据自己公司里的产品名称来查询，如“”

　　　　　　　　　　如果我想根据某个网络上流行的词名称来查询，如“扫福”

　　那么，若直接使用es-ik则分不出来的，所以，这就是为什么需要es-ik的自定义词库的缘由啦！

[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl 'http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&pretty=true' -d '{"text":"好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园"}' { "tokens" : [ { "token" : "好记", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "记性", "start_offset" : 1, "end_offset" : 3, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "不如", "start_offset" : 3, "end_offset" : 5, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "烂", "start_offset" : 5, "end_offset" : 6, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "笔头", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 4 }, {

"token" : "笔", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 7, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 5 }, { "token" : "头", "start_offset" : 7, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 6 }, { "token" : "感叹号", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 7 }, { "token" : "感叹", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 8 }, { "token" : "叹号", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 9 }, {

"token" : "叹", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 10 }, { "token" : "号", "start_offset" : 10, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 11 }, { "token" : "博客园", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 12 }, { "token" : "博客", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 13, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 13 }, { "token" : "园", "start_offset" : 13, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 14 } ] } [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$

Elasticsearch之中文分词器插件es-ik的自定义词库

【 ik 自定义词库步骤】 1：首先在 ik 插件的 config/custom 目录下创建一个文件 zhouls.dic （当然这个你可以自己命名，如my.dic都行）在文件中添加词语即可，每一个词语一行。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 注意：这个文件可以在 linux 中直接 vi 生成，或者在 windows 中创建之后上传到这里。如果是在 linux 中直接 vi 生成的，可以直接使用。如果是在 windows中创建的，需要注意文件的编码必须是 UTF-8 without BOM 格式【 UTF-8 无 BOM 格式】 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2：修改 ik 的配置文件默认情况下 ik 的配置文件就在 ik 插件的 config 目录下面。【 IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml】把刚才创建的文件的位置添加到 ik 的配置文件中即可。 vi config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml <properties> <comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment>  <entry key="ext_dict">custom/mydict.dic;custom/single_word_low_freq.dic;custom/zhouls.dic</entry>  <entry key="ext_stopwords">custom/ext_stopword.dic</entry>     </properties> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 注意：需要把 my.dic 文件的位置添加到 key=ext_dict 这个 entry 中，切记不要随意新增 entry，随意新增的 entry 是不被识别的。并且 entry 的名称也不能乱改，否则也不会识别。 <entry key="ext_dict">custom/mydict.dic;custom/single_word_low_freq.dic;custom/my.dic</entry> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3：重启 es 验证分词效果重启的时候查看日志会看到下面信息

　　第一步：进入$ES_HOME/plugins/ik/config/custom/下，新建自定义词库。我这里，取名为zhouls.dic

[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ ll total 56 drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 01:37 bin drwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 18:46 config drwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 06:05 data drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 01:37 lib -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 11358 Aug 24 2016 LICENSE.txt drwxrwxr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 05:15 logs drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Dec 8 00:41 modules -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 150 Aug 24 2016 NOTICE.txt drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 06:31 plugins -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 8700 Aug 24 2016 README.textile [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ cd plugins/ [hadoop@HadoopMaster plugins]$ ll total 12 drwxrwxr-x. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 05:28 head drwxrwxr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 06:32 ik drwxrwxr-x. 8 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 22 05:34 kopf [hadoop@HadoopMaster plugins]$ cd ik/ [hadoop@HadoopMaster ik]$ ll total 5828 -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 263965 Dec 1 2015 commons-codec-1.9.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 61829 Dec 1 2015 commons-logging-1.2.jar drwxr-xr-x. 3 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 1 12:46 config -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 55998 Jan 1 13:27 elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 4505518 Jan 15 08:59 elasticsearch-analysis-ik-1.10.3.zip -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 736658 Jan 1 13:26 httpclient-4.5.2.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 326724 Jan 1 13:07 httpcore-4.4.4.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 2667 Jan 1 13:27 plugin-descriptor.properties [hadoop@HadoopMaster ik]$ cd config/

[hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ ll total 3016 drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jan 1 12:46 custom -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 697 Dec 14 10:34 IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 3058510 Dec 14 10:34 main.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 123 Dec 14 10:34 preposition.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 1824 Dec 14 10:34 quantifier.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 164 Dec 14 10:34 stopword.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 192 Dec 14 10:34 suffix.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 752 Dec 14 10:34 surname.dic [hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ cd custom/ [hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ ll total 5252 -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 156 Dec 14 10:34 ext_stopword.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 130 Dec 14 10:34 mydict.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 63188 Dec 14 10:34 single_word.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 63188 Dec 14 10:34 single_word_full.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 10855 Dec 14 10:34 single_word_low_freq.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 5225922 Dec 14 10:34 sougou.dic [hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ vim zhouls.dic

第二步：输入，自定义词，如我这里，是好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园

[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ pwd /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3/plugins/ik/config/custom [hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ vim zhouls.dic [hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ cat zhouls.dic 好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园 [hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$

　　第三步：修改ik的配置文件

自然而然，我刚加入的自定义词库zhouls.dic是需要配置，才可以生效的。

[hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ ll total 5256 -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 156 Dec 14 10:34 ext_stopword.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 130 Dec 14 10:34 mydict.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 63188 Dec 14 10:34 single_word.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 63188 Dec 14 10:34 single_word_full.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 10855 Dec 14 10:34 single_word_low_freq.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 5225922 Dec 14 10:34 sougou.dic -rw-rw-r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 43 Feb 25 17:16 zhouls.dic [hadoop@HadoopMaster custom]$ cd .. [hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ ll total 3016 drwxr-xr-x. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 Feb 25 17:16 custom -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 697 Dec 14 10:34 IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 3058510 Dec 14 10:34 main.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 123 Dec 14 10:34 preposition.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 1824 Dec 14 10:34 quantifier.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 164 Dec 14 10:34 stopword.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 192 Dec 14 10:34 suffix.dic -rw-r--r--. 1 hadoop hadoop 752 Dec 14 10:34 surname.dic [hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ vim IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"> <properties> <comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment>  <entry key="ext_dict">custom/mydict.dic;custom/single_word_low_freq.dic</entry>  <entry key="ext_stopwords">custom/ext_stopword.dic</entry>     </properties>

　　修改为

[hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ vim IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml [hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$ cat IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml ?<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"> <properties> <comment>IK Analyzer 扩展配置</comment>  <entry key="ext_dict">custom/mydict.dic;custom/single_word_low_freq.dic;custom/zhouls.dic</entry>  <entry key="ext_stopwords">custom/ext_stopword.dic</entry>     </properties> [hadoop@HadoopMaster config]$

　　第四步：重启es服务进程

为了更好地看出效果，启动es服务进程，我用bin/elasticsearch。一般建议用bin/elasticsearch -d。当然，生产环境下，可以将其设置为服务进程，作为service下的一种服务进程，这样更为方便。

[hadoop@HadoopMaster plugins]$ cd .. [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ jps 1974 Elasticsearch 2137 Jps [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ kill -9 1974 [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ jps 2148 Jps [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ bin/elasticsearch [2017-02-25 17:27:56,301][WARN ][bootstrap ] unable to install syscall filter: seccomp unavailable: requires kernel 3.5+ with CONFIG_SECCOMP and CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER compiled in [2017-02-25 17:27:57,741][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] version[2.4.3], pid[2158], build[d38a34e/2016-12-07T16:28:56Z] [2017-02-25 17:27:57,741][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] initializing ... [2017-02-25 17:27:59,504][INFO ][plugins ] [Tethlam] modules [lang-groovy, reindex, lang-expression], plugins [analysis-ik, kopf, head], sites [kopf, head] [2017-02-25 17:27:59,553][INFO ][env ] [Tethlam] using [1] data paths, mounts [[/home (/dev/sda5)]], net usable_space [23.4gb], net total_space [26.1gb], spins? [possibly], types [ext4] [2017-02-25 17:27:59,553][INFO ][env ] [Tethlam] heap size [1015.6mb], compressed ordinary object pointers [true] [2017-02-25 17:27:59,553][WARN ][env ] [Tethlam] max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process likely too low, consider increasing to at least [65536] [2017-02-25 17:28:02,922][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] try load config from /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3/config/analysis-ik/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml [2017-02-25 17:28:02,923][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] try load config from /home/hadoop/app/elasticsearch-2.4.3/plugins/ik/config/IKAnalyzer.cfg.xml [2017-02-25 17:28:03,748][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] [Dict Loading] custom/mydict.dic [2017-02-25 17:28:03,749][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] [Dict Loading] custom/single_word_low_freq.dic [2017-02-25 17:28:03,755][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] [Dict Loading] custom/zhouls.dic [2017-02-25 17:28:03,760][INFO ][ik-analyzer ] [Dict Loading] custom/ext_stopword.dic [2017-02-25 17:28:06,914][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] initialized [2017-02-25 17:28:06,915][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] starting ... [2017-02-25 17:28:07,168][INFO ][transport ] [Tethlam] publish_address {192.168.80.10:9300}, bound_addresses {[::]:9300} [2017-02-25 17:28:07,203][INFO ][discovery ] [Tethlam] elasticsearch/dXjRTwNJRdyzQWPbHIzGiQ [2017-02-25 17:28:10,589][INFO ][cluster.service ] [Tethlam] detected_master {Peter Parker}{3TwJeRfnRH-EttHntj0OdQ}{192.168.80.11}{192.168.80.11:9300}, added {{Peter Parker}{3TwJeRfnRH-EttHntj0OdQ}{192.168.80.11}{192.168.80.11:9300},{Living Laser}{bqV_F5bLRdq9AGtv3WLx4A}{192.168.80.12}{192.168.80.12:9300},}, reason: zen-disco-receive(from master [{Peter Parker}{3TwJeRfnRH-EttHntj0OdQ}{192.168.80.11}{192.168.80.11:9300}]) [2017-02-25 17:28:10,920][INFO ][http ] [Tethlam] publish_address {192.168.80.10:9200}, bound_addresses {[::]:9200} [2017-02-25 17:28:10,923][INFO ][node ] [Tethlam] started

　　第五步：测试效果，验证下

[hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ jps 2280 Jps 2231 Elasticsearch [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$ curl 'http://192.168.80.10:9200/zhouls/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&pretty=true' -d '{"text":"好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园"}' { "tokens" : [ { "token" : "好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 0 }, { "token" : "好记", "start_offset" : 0, "end_offset" : 2, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 1 }, { "token" : "记性", "start_offset" : 1, "end_offset" : 3, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 2 }, { "token" : "不如", "start_offset" : 3, "end_offset" : 5, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 3 }, { "token" : "烂", "start_offset" : 5, "end_offset" : 6,

"type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 4 }, { "token" : "笔头", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 5 }, { "token" : "笔", "start_offset" : 6, "end_offset" : 7, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 6 }, { "token" : "头", "start_offset" : 7, "end_offset" : 8, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 7 }, { "token" : "感叹号", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 8 }, { "token" : "感叹", "start_offset" : 8, "end_offset" : 10,

"type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 9 }, { "token" : "叹号", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 10 }, { "token" : "叹", "start_offset" : 9, "end_offset" : 10, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 11 }, { "token" : "号", "start_offset" : 10, "end_offset" : 11, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 12 }, { "token" : "博客园", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 13 }, { "token" : "博客", "start_offset" : 11, "end_offset" : 13,

"type" : "CN_WORD", "position" : 14 }, { "token" : "园", "start_offset" : 13, "end_offset" : 14, "type" : "CN_CHAR", "position" : 15 } ] } [hadoop@HadoopMaster elasticsearch-2.4.3]$

　　可以看出，我们自定义词库zhouls.dic里的自定义词，我这里是，好记性不如烂笔头感叹号博客园。看作是一个词。成功被整体切分出来！

　　说明成功！

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