本文,主要用来记录IdentityServer4的简单使用。
要学习IdentityServer,需要了解下基于Token的验证体系,其中涉及到Token, OAuth&OpenID,JWT,协议规范等。
如图过程,
IdentityServer4 是一个基于OpenID Connect和OAuth 2.0的针对ASP.NET Core 2.0的框架,以中间件的形式存在。
通常你可以构建(或重新使用)包含登录和注销页面的应用程序,IdentityServer中间件会向其添加必要的协议头,以便客户端应用程序可以使用这些标准协议与其对话。
我们可以用IdentityServer来做什么?
先列出目录结构,以及创建顺序,来方便阅读
IdentityServerDemo --> APIService1和APIService2 --> MVCClient
其中,处MVCClient是asp.net core web mvc项目外,其他都是asp.net core web api 项目
1. 创建一个asp.net core web api项目:IdentityServerDemo。
注意,不要设置HTTPS,否则后面使用postman测试时,会no response
2. 添加InMemoryConfiguration
public class InMemoryConfiguration
{
public static IConfiguration Configuration { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Define which APIs will use this IdentityServer
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
{
return new[]
{
new ApiResource("clientservice", "CAS Client Service"),
new ApiResource("productservice", "CAS Product Service"),
new ApiResource("agentservice", "CAS Agent Service")
};
}
/// <summary>
/// Define which Apps will use thie IdentityServer
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
{
return new[]
{
new Client
{
ClientId = "client.api.service",
ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("clientsecret".Sha256()) },
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPasswordAndClientCredentials,
AllowedScopes = new [] { "clientservice" }
},
new Client
{
ClientId = "product.api.service",
ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("productsecret".Sha256()) },
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPasswordAndClientCredentials,
AllowedScopes = new [] { "clientservice", "productservice" }
},
new Client
{
ClientId = "agent.api.service",
ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("agentsecret".Sha256()) },
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPasswordAndClientCredentials,
AllowedScopes = new [] { "agentservice", "clientservice", "productservice" }
}
};
}
/// <summary>
/// Define which uses will use this IdentityServer
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IEnumerable<TestUser> GetUsers()
{
return new[]
{
new TestUser
{
SubjectId = "10001",
Username = "test1@hotmail.com",
Password = "test1password"
},
new TestUser
{
SubjectId = "10002",
Username = "test2@hotmail.com",
Password = "test2password"
},
new TestUser
{
SubjectId = "10003",
Username = "test3@hotmail.com",
Password = "test3password"
}
};
}
}
3. 使用nuget管理器,添加IdentityServer4 ,并且修改StartUp.cs
修改StartUp.cs中的Configure方法
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
//启用IdentityServer
app.UseIdentityServer();
app.UseMvc();
}
修改StartUp.cs中的ConfigureServices方法
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
//添加IdentityServer
services.AddIdentityServer()
.AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
.AddTestUsers(InMemoryConfiguration.GetUsers().ToList())
.AddInMemoryClients(InMemoryConfiguration.GetClients())
.AddInMemoryApiResources(InMemoryConfiguration.GetApiResources());
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
}
这个主要是为了把IdentityServer注册到容器中,需要对其进行配置,而这个配置主要包含三个信息:
这里的AuthorizationServer 指的就是这个项目的服务:用来认证及授权使用的.
这里是使用基于内存的方式。
对于Token签名需要一对公钥和私钥,IdentityServer为开发者提供了一个AddDeveloperSigningCredential()方法,它会帮我们搞定这个事情并且存储到硬盘。当切换到正式环境,需要使用真正的证书,更换为
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
InMemoryConfiguration.Configuration = this.Configuration;
services.AddIdentityServer()
.AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
.AddTestUsers(InMemoryConfiguration.GetUsers().ToList())
.AddInMemoryClients(InMemoryConfiguration.GetClients())
.AddInMemoryApiResources(InMemoryConfiguration.GetApiResources());
}
此项目,暂时不使用正式的证书了。
4.使用postman获取token
启动我们的IdentityServerDemo 项目,
然后使用postman发送请求
5.引入QuickStartUI
IdentityServer为我们提供了一套UI以使我们能快速的开发具有基本功能的认证/授权界面,下载地址:QuickStartUI
把QuickStartUI引入到我们的项目中,目录结构如下:
5.修改StartUp.cs
修改Configure方法
添加静态文件中间件
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
//启用IdentityServer
app.UseIdentityServer();
//for QuickStart-UI 启用静态文件
app.UseStaticFiles();
//app.UseMvc();
app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute(); //这里带有默认的路由
}
6.运行程序
登录
点击here
登出
1. 添加asp.net core web api项目
注意,这里也是使用http方式;
2.在nuget中安装IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation
3.修改StartUp.cs文件
修改configureServices方法
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
//IdentityServer
services.AddMvcCore().AddAuthorization().AddJsonFormatters();
services.AddAuthentication(Configuration["Identity:Scheme"])
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
{
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false; //是否需要https
options.Authority = $"http://{Configuration["Identity:IP"]}:{Configuration["Identity:Port"]}"; //IdentityServer授权路径
options.ApiName = Configuration["Service:Name"]; //需要授权的服务名称
});
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
}
修改Configure方法
在UseMvc()之前启用Authentication中间件
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
//启用Authentication中间件
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseMvc();
}
修改appsettings.json文件
{
"Service": {
"Name": "clientservice", //本服务的名称
"Port": "53064", //本服务的端口号,根据自己服务启动时的端口号进行更改
"DocName": "clientservice",
"Version": "v1",
"Title": "CAS Client Service API",
"Description": "CAS Client Service API provide some API to help you get client information from CAS",
"Contact": {
"Name": "CAS 2.0 Team",
"Email": "EdisonZhou@manulife.com"
},
"XmlFile": "Manulife.DNC.MSAD.IdentityServer4Test.ApiService01.xml"
},
"Identity": { //去请求授权的Identity服务,这里即IdentityServerDemo的服务启动时的地址
"IP": "localhost",
"Port": "49363", //IdentityServerDemo项目启动时的端口号,根据实际情况修改
"Scheme": "Bearer"
}
}
上面是APIService1的添加,对应的服务名称是clientservice;
APIService2与之类似,只是把appsettings.json中的clientservice改为productservice.
4. 在APIService1和APIService2的Controller添加[Authorize]特性
[Authorize]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
......
}
5. 测试
注意,这里模拟的是clientservice服务(即APIService1)去认证服务器请求token的过程,所以请求到token,也应该在获取clientservice相关授权的时候携带这个token.
如果在请求productservice的授权服务中,使用clientservice的token则会显示未授权
过程总结:
授权服务中的client设置
1. 新建一个ASP.NET Core MVC项目:MVCClient
2.为指定方法添加[Authorize]特性
我们为HomeController下的Privacy方法上添加Authorize特性
[Authorize]
public IActionResult Privacy()
{
return View();
}
这个时候,直接访问Privacy,会报错
而我们希望的效果是:当用户第一次点击Privacy,页面重定向到验证服务(IdentityServerDemo),当用户登录验证授权后,再重定向到该网站。
此后一定时间范围内的第二次,第三次点击,都不需要再重定向到验证服务,而是直接读取保存的token.
3. 给MVCClient项目添加OpenID Connect Authentication
而这部分主要集中于做Authentication(身份验证)而非Authorization(授权)
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
{
// This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.None;
});
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
//这部分主要是做身份验证的(Authentication),而不是授权(Authorization)
JwtSecurityTokenHandler.DefaultInboundClaimTypeMap.Clear();
services.AddAuthentication(options =>
{
options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";
options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc"; //oidc => open id connect
})
.AddCookie("Cookies")
.AddOpenIdConnect("oidc", options =>
{
options.SignInScheme = "Cookies";
options.Authority = $"http://{Configuration["Identity:IP"]}:{Configuration["Identity:Port"]}";
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.ClientId = "cas.mvc.client.implicit";
options.ResponseType = "id_token token"; //允许返回access token
options.SaveTokens = true;
});
}
这里我们使用的是implicit这个flow,它主要用于客户端应用程序(主要指基于javascript的应用),它允许客户端程序重定向到验证服务(IdentityServerDemo),而后带着token重定向回来。
另外,这里的ResponseType为”id_token token”,表示既获取id_token也获取access_token. 而SaveTokens设置为true,表示会将从验证服务返回的token持久化到cookie中,这样就不用每次请求token了。
另在configure方法中,设置Authentication中间件:
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
}
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseCookiePolicy();
app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
routes.MapRoute(
name: "default",
template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
});
}
主要Authentication中间件,要再UseMvc之前。
4. 修改app.settings
{
"Service": {
"Name": "cas.mvc.client.implicit", //本服务的名称
"Port": "56458", //服务端口号,根据实际情况调整
"DocName": "cas.mvc.client.implicit",
"Version": "v1",
"Title": "CAS Client Service API",
"Description": "CAS Client Service API provide some API to help you get client information from CAS",
"Contact": {
"Name": "CAS 2.0 Team",
"Email": "EdisonZhou@manulife.com"
},
"XmlFile": "Manulife.DNC.MSAD.IdentityServer4Test.ApiService01.xml"
},
"Identity": { //去请求授权的Identity服务
"IP": "localhost",
"Port": "49363"
}
}
其中port根据自己此服务启动后的端口号修改
5.在验证服务(IdentityServerDemo)中添加MvcClient
修改 InMemoryConfiguration 中的GetClients方法:
public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
{
return new[]
{
new Client
{
ClientId = "client.api.service",
ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("clientsecret".Sha256()) },
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPasswordAndClientCredentials,
AllowedScopes = new [] { "clientservice" }
},
new Client
{
ClientId = "product.api.service",
ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("productsecret".Sha256()) },
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPasswordAndClientCredentials,
AllowedScopes = new [] { "clientservice", "productservice" }
},
new Client
{
ClientId = "agent.api.service",
ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("agentsecret".Sha256()) },
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPasswordAndClientCredentials,
AllowedScopes = new [] { "agentservice", "clientservice", "productservice" }
},
new Client
{
ClientId = "cas.mvc.client.implicit",
ClientName = "CAS MVC Web App Client",
AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Implicit,
RedirectUris = { $"http://localhost:56458/signin-oidc" },
PostLogoutRedirectUris = { $"http://localhost:56458/signout-callback-oidc" },
AllowedScopes = new [] {
IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
"agentservice", "clientservice", "productservice"
},
AllowAccessTokensViaBrowser = true // can return access_token to this client
},
};
}
这里ClientId要和MvcClient中设置的一样。
RedirectUris是指登录成功以后需要重定向的地址(即重定向到MvcClient中的地址),
而PostLogoutRedirectUris是指登出之后需要重定向的地址。
和API Service Client的设置不同的就是AllowedScopes中给它增加了OpenId和Profile,因为我们为MvcClient设定的是oidc而不是bearer模式。
最后为了使用这些OpenID Connect Scopes,需要设置这些Identity Resources。
在 InMemoryConfiguration 中增加GetIdentityResources方法:
public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources()
{
return new List<IdentityResource>
{
new IdentityResources.OpenId(),
new IdentityResources.Profile(),
};
}
在ConfigureServices方法中修改:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
//添加IdentityServer
services.AddIdentityServer()
.AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
.AddInMemoryIdentityResources(InMemoryConfiguration.GetIdentityResources())
.AddTestUsers(InMemoryConfiguration.GetUsers().ToList())
.AddInMemoryClients(InMemoryConfiguration.GetClients())
.AddInMemoryApiResources(InMemoryConfiguration.GetApiResources());
services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
}
6. 在MvcClient项目的Privacy 页面中修改如下:
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Privacy Policy";
}
<h1>@ViewData["Title"]</h1>
<p>Use this page to detail your site's privacy policy.</p>
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication
<div>
<strong>id_token</strong>
<span>@await ViewContext.HttpContext.GetTokenAsync("id_token")</span>
</div>
<div>
<strong>access_token</strong>
<span>@await ViewContext.HttpContext.GetTokenAsync("access_token")</span>
</div>
<dl>
@foreach (var claim in User.Claims)
{
<dt>@claim.Type</dt>
<dd>@claim.Value</dd>
}
</dl>
这里,我们会把id_token和access_token显示出来
7. 为了退出方便,暂时在HomeController下增加Logout方法
public async Task Logout()
{
await HttpContext.SignOutAsync("Cookies");
await HttpContext.SignOutAsync("oidc");
}
8. 简单测试
启动IdentityServerDemo这个验证服务;
启动MvcClient这个Mvc Web Application服务;
这里没有添加可点击的按钮,可直接在url中修改路径来登出
参考网址:
https://www.cnblogs.com/edisonchou/p/identityserver4_foundation_and_quickstart_01.html
另外推荐edisonchou微服务系列,感觉非常棒
扫码关注腾讯云开发者
领取腾讯云代金券
Copyright © 2013 - 2025 Tencent Cloud. All Rights Reserved. 腾讯云 版权所有
深圳市腾讯计算机系统有限公司 ICP备案/许可证号:粤B2-20090059 深公网安备号 44030502008569
腾讯云计算(北京)有限责任公司 京ICP证150476号 | 京ICP备11018762号 | 京公网安备号11010802020287
Copyright © 2013 - 2025 Tencent Cloud.
All Rights Reserved. 腾讯云 版权所有