Nature图表复现｜双轴柱状与折线图

R语言数据分析指南

发布于 2023-09-20 08:34:01

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发布于 2023-09-20 08:34:01

文章被收录于专栏：R语言数据分析指南R语言数据分析指南

论文

论文原图

图形解读

❝此图的绘制不算难，难点在于各部分线条、字体、颜色、间距以及添加辅助刻度条，当然这些设置都可以在theme里面轻松完成，只是过程颇为繁琐。 ❞

加载R包

library(tidyverse)

导入数据

gdp <- read_tsv("data.tsv")

数据清洗

df <- gdp %>% filter(continent=="Africa") %>% 
  select(1,3,4,6) %>% mutate(year=as.character(year))

数据可视化

ggplot() +
  # 使用stat_summary()添加预期寿命（lifeExp）的平均值柱状图
  stat_summary(data=df, aes(year, lifeExp), fun = "mean", geom = "bar", alpha = 0.7, fill="#00A08A") +
  # 添加预期寿命（lifeExp）的误差条
  stat_summary(data=df, aes(year, lifeExp), fun.data = "mean_cl_normal", geom = "errorbar", width = .2, color="#00A08A") +
  # 添加人均GDP（gdpPercap）的误差条
  stat_summary(data=df %>% mutate(gdpPercap=gdpPercap/20), aes(year, gdpPercap), fun = mean, geom = "errorbar", width=.2, color="#F98400",
               fun.max = function(x) mean(x) + sd(x) / sqrt(length(x)),
               fun.min = function(x) mean(x) - sd(x) / sqrt(length(x))) +
  # 添加人均GDP（gdpPercap）的平均值点
  stat_summary(data=df %>% mutate(gdpPercap=gdpPercap/20), aes(year, gdpPercap), fun = "mean", geom = "point", size=3, color="#F98400") +
  # 添加人均GDP（gdpPercap）的平均值线
  stat_summary(data=df %>% mutate(gdpPercap=gdpPercap/20), aes(year, gdpPercap, group=1), fun = "mean", geom = "line", color="#F98400") +
  # 设置y轴的比例和标签
  scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 1), breaks = scales::pretty_breaks(n = 12),
                     sec.axis = sec_axis(~. * 20, breaks = scales::pretty_breaks(n = 12),
                                         name = "gdpPercap")) +
  # 应用主题
  theme_test() +
  # 自定义主题设置
  theme(panel.background = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.length.x.bottom = unit(-0.05, "in"),
        axis.ticks.length.y.left = unit(-0.05, "in"),
        axis.ticks.length.y.right = unit(-0.05, "in"),
        axis.line.y.left = element_line(color="#00A08A"),
        axis.line.y.right = element_line(color="#F98400"),
        axis.line.x.bottom = element_line(color="black"),
        axis.line.x.top = element_line(color="grey80"),
        axis.text.y.right = element_text(color="#F98400", margin = margin(l = 5, r = 10)),
        axis.text.y.left = element_text(color="#00A08A", margin = margin(l = 10, r = 5)),
        axis.title.y.left = element_text(color="#00A08A", face="bold"),
        axis.title.y.right = element_text(color="#F98400", face="bold"),
        axis.title.x.bottom = element_blank())