❝此图的绘制不算难,难点在于各部分线条、字体、颜色、间距以及添加辅助刻度条,当然这些设置都可以在theme里面轻松完成,只是过程颇为繁琐。 ❞
library(tidyverse)
gdp <- read_tsv("data.tsv")
df <- gdp %>% filter(continent=="Africa") %>%
select(1,3,4,6) %>% mutate(year=as.character(year))
ggplot() +
# 使用stat_summary()添加预期寿命(lifeExp)的平均值柱状图
stat_summary(data=df, aes(year, lifeExp), fun = "mean", geom = "bar", alpha = 0.7, fill="#00A08A") +
# 添加预期寿命(lifeExp)的误差条
stat_summary(data=df, aes(year, lifeExp), fun.data = "mean_cl_normal", geom = "errorbar", width = .2, color="#00A08A") +
# 添加人均GDP(gdpPercap)的误差条
stat_summary(data=df %>% mutate(gdpPercap=gdpPercap/20), aes(year, gdpPercap), fun = mean, geom = "errorbar", width=.2, color="#F98400",
fun.max = function(x) mean(x) + sd(x) / sqrt(length(x)),
fun.min = function(x) mean(x) - sd(x) / sqrt(length(x))) +
# 添加人均GDP(gdpPercap)的平均值点
stat_summary(data=df %>% mutate(gdpPercap=gdpPercap/20), aes(year, gdpPercap), fun = "mean", geom = "point", size=3, color="#F98400") +
# 添加人均GDP(gdpPercap)的平均值线
stat_summary(data=df %>% mutate(gdpPercap=gdpPercap/20), aes(year, gdpPercap, group=1), fun = "mean", geom = "line", color="#F98400") +
# 设置y轴的比例和标签
scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 1), breaks = scales::pretty_breaks(n = 12),
sec.axis = sec_axis(~. * 20, breaks = scales::pretty_breaks(n = 12),
name = "gdpPercap")) +
# 应用主题
theme_test() +
# 自定义主题设置
theme(panel.background = element_blank(),
axis.ticks.length.x.bottom = unit(-0.05, "in"),
axis.ticks.length.y.left = unit(-0.05, "in"),
axis.ticks.length.y.right = unit(-0.05, "in"),
axis.line.y.left = element_line(color="#00A08A"),
axis.line.y.right = element_line(color="#F98400"),
axis.line.x.bottom = element_line(color="black"),
axis.line.x.top = element_line(color="grey80"),
axis.text.y.right = element_text(color="#F98400", margin = margin(l = 5, r = 10)),
axis.text.y.left = element_text(color="#00A08A", margin = margin(l = 10, r = 5)),
axis.title.y.left = element_text(color="#00A08A", face="bold"),
axis.title.y.right = element_text(color="#F98400", face="bold"),
axis.title.x.bottom = element_blank())