从单测到压测：大厂是如何构建完整测试金字塔的？

// 好的单元测试示例
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class UserServiceTest {
    
    @Mock
    private UserRepository userRepository;
    
    @Mock
    private EmailService emailService;
    
    @InjectMocks
    private UserService userService;
    
    @Test
    @DisplayName("应该成功创建用户并发送欢迎邮件")
    void shouldCreateUserAndSendWelcomeEmail() {
        // Given
        CreateUserRequest request = CreateUserRequest.builder()
            .email("test@example.com")
            .name("张三")
            .build();
        
        User savedUser = User.builder()
            .id(1L)
            .email("test@example.com")
            .name("张三")
            .build();
            
        when(userRepository.save(any(User.class))).thenReturn(savedUser);
        
        // When
        User result = userService.createUser(request);
        
        // Then
        assertThat(result.getId()).isEqualTo(1L);
        assertThat(result.getEmail()).isEqualTo("test@example.com");
        verify(emailService).sendWelcomeEmail(savedUser);
    }
}

// Page Object模式示例
class LoginPage {
    constructor(driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        this.emailInput = By.id('email');
        this.passwordInput = By.id('password');
        this.loginButton = By.css('.login-btn');
        this.errorMessage = By.css('.error-message');
    }
    
    async login(email, password) {
        await this.driver.findElement(this.emailInput).sendKeys(email);
        await this.driver.findElement(this.passwordInput).sendKeys(password);
        await this.driver.findElement(this.loginButton).click();
    }
    
    async getErrorMessage() {
        const element = await this.driver.findElement(this.errorMessage);
        return await element.getText();
    }
    
    async isLoginSuccessful() {
        // 检查是否跳转到首页
        return await this.driver.getCurrentUrl().includes('/dashboard');
    }
}

# 性能SLA配置示例
performance_sla:
  response_time:
    p50: 200ms    # 50%的请求在200ms内响应
    p90: 500ms    # 90%的请求在500ms内响应
    p99: 1000ms   # 99%的请求在1s内响应
  
  throughput:
    target_rps: 1000    # 目标每秒1000个请求
    max_rps: 2000       # 最大承载每秒2000个请求
  
  error_rate:
    max_error_rate: 0.1%  # 错误率不超过0.1%
  
  resource_usage:
    cpu_usage: 70%      # CPU使用率不超过70%
    memory_usage: 80%   # 内存使用率不超过80%
    disk_io: 1000mb/s   # 磁盘IO不超过1GB/s

mindmap
  root((测试工具生态))
    单元测试框架
      JUnit 5
      TestNG
      Jest
      Pytest
      Go Test
    集成测试工具
      TestContainers
      WireMock
      Pact
      Spring Boot Test
    E2E测试工具
      Selenium
      Cypress
      Playwright
      Appium
    性能测试工具
      JMeter
      K6
      Artillery
      Gatling
    CI/CD集成
      Jenkins
      GitLab CI
      GitHub Actions
      Azure DevOps
    质量度量
      SonarQube
      JaCoCo
      Istanbul
      Allure

timeline
    title 测试左移时间线
    section 传统模式
        需求分析    : 产品设计
        开发编码    : 功能实现
        测试阶段    : 发现问题
        修复上线    : 返工成本高
    section 左移模式
        需求分析    : 测试用例设计
        开发编码    : TDD开发 : 单元测试
        提交代码    : 自动化验证 : 快速反馈
        持续集成    : 全量测试 : 质量保证

# 质量度量指标
quality_metrics:
  coverage:
    unit_test_coverage: ">= 80%"
    integration_test_coverage: ">= 60%"
    e2e_test_coverage: ">= 30%"
  
  stability:
    test_pass_rate: ">= 95%"
    flaky_test_rate: "<= 5%"
    
  efficiency:
    build_time: "< 10min"
    feedback_time: "< 5min"
    
  defect_rate:
    production_defects: "< 0.1%"
    escaped_defects: "< 0.05%"