使用Python GDAL库将矢量(.shp)转换为栅格(.tiff

import os
from osgeo import gdal, ogr

input_shp = "path/to/input.shp"
output_tiff = "path/to/output.tiff"

driver = ogr.GetDriverByName("ESRI Shapefile")
dataSource = driver.Open(input_shp, 0)
layer = dataSource.GetLayer()

spatialRef = layer.GetSpatialRef()

pixelWidth = 0.01  # 设置栅格像素宽度
pixelHeight = 0.01  # 设置栅格像素高度
xMin, xMax, yMin, yMax = layer.GetExtent()  # 获取图层的范围
cols = int((xMax - xMin) / pixelWidth)  # 计算栅格列数
rows = int((yMax - yMin) / pixelHeight)  # 计算栅格行数

target_ds = gdal.GetDriverByName('GTiff').Create(output_tiff, cols, rows, 1, gdal.GDT_Byte)
target_ds.SetGeoTransform((xMin, pixelWidth, 0, yMax, 0, -pixelHeight))
target_ds.SetProjection(spatialRef.ExportToWkt())
band = target_ds.GetRasterBand(1)
band.SetNoDataValue(0)

gdal.RasterizeLayer(target_ds, [1], layer, burn_values=[255])

dataSource = None
target_ds = None