通过匹配字典列表中的子字符串来映射pandas列

mapping = [
    {'sub_str': 'apple', 'map_value': 'fruit'},
    {'sub_str': 'carrot', 'map_value': 'vegetable'}
]

import pandas as pd

data = {'text': ['I love apple', 'I eat carrot']}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

df['category'] = df['text'].map({item['sub_str']: item['map_value'] for item in mapping})

print(df)

             text   category
0   I love apple      fruit
1     I eat carrot  vegetable