Linux 是一种开源的类 UNIX 操作系统,在服务器领域广泛应用。TCP(Transmission Control Protocol,传输控制协议)是一种面向连接的、可靠的、基于字节流的传输层通信协议。
基础概念:
优势:
应用场景:
可能遇到的问题及原因:
解决方法:
例如,在 Linux 中使用 C 语言编写一个简单的基于 TCP 的客户端和服务器通信程序:
服务器端代码示例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#define PORT 8080
int main() {
int server_fd, new_socket;
struct sockaddr_in address;
int opt = 1;
int addrlen = sizeof(address);
char buffer[1024] = {0};
if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
perror("socket failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT,
&opt, sizeof(opt))) {
perror("setsockopt");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address,
sizeof(address)) < 0) {
perror("bind failed");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
perror("listen");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address,
(socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
perror("accept");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
printf("Received: %s
", buffer);
close(new_socket);
close(server_fd);
return 0;
}
客户端代码示例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#define PORT 8080
int main() {
int sock = 0;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
char *message = "Hello from client";
if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
printf("
Socket creation error
");
return -1;
}
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
if(inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr)<=0) {
printf("
Invalid address/ Address not supported
");
return -1;
}
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
printf("
Connection Failed
");
return -1;
}
send(sock, message, strlen(message), 0);
printf("Message sent to server
");
close(sock);
return 0;
}
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