3rd One Health丨Shelley Rankin教授：如何补齐伴侣动物微生物耐药防控的关键拼图？

编者按：在第三届One Health微生物耐药控制大会上，《感染医线》对话美国宾夕法尼亚大学兽医学院Shelley Rankin教授，聚焦伴侣动物微生物耐药（AMR）防控这一关键议题。作为全球公共卫生领域的重要战略，One Health强调“人-动物-环境”协同，但伴侣动物AMR防控长期被视作其中的“缺失环节”，其在跨物种传播中的角色、监测体系整合路径等核心问题，始终备受关注。Rankin教授不仅深入解读了当前防控工作的痛点，更传递出对未来推进方向的清晰判断与乐观态度，为伴侣动物 AMR 防控融入全球公共卫生体系提供了专业视角。

01

《感染医线》：您提到伴侣动物AMR防控是全球One Health战略的“缺失环节”，能否具体说明这一“缺失”主要体现在哪些方面？

Shelley Rankin 教授

美国宾夕法尼亚大学兽医学院

我认为它之所以是“缺失环节”，是因为目前尚无针对伴侣动物体内此类微生物的协同检测行动。虽然有些国家在这方面做得很好，但直到最近，伴侣动物的AMR防控才真正进入人们的关注视野。

不过，我对此持非常乐观的态度。我们已经明确了需要采取的措施，现在要做的就是将这些措施落到实处。

IDF: You mentioned that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) control in companion animals is a “missing piece” in the global One Health strategy. Could you elaborate on what aspects this “missing piece” mainly manifests in?

Shelley Rankin: I think it's a missing piece because there’s no coordinated effort to detect these organisms in companion animals. Some countries are doing this very well, but it simply hasn’t been the focus of anyone’s attention until quite recently.

That said, I’m very optimistic. I think we know what we need to do. Now we just need to do it.

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《感染医线》：在您看来，伴侣动物在AMR跨物种传播中扮演着怎样的关键角色？我们又应如何建立更有效的“人-动物-环境”跨界监测与协作机制？

Shelley Rankin 教授

美国宾夕法尼亚大学兽医学院

我认为，即便我们已建立起系统性的数据收集方法（目前已有多个国家在推进这项工作），仍需找到合适的方式，将伴侣动物相关数据整合到最初为养殖动物或人类设计的系统中。

总体而言，兽医数据与人类数据的整合已耗费了大量时间，而伴侣动物数据的整合进程则更为滞后。

以美国为例，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）兽医中心内的一个核心团队，已持续收集伴侣动物AMR数据超过10年。目前相关工作正稳步推进，我相信，那些已拥有完善的人类与养殖动物监测系统的国家，会对这类伴侣动物监测系统进行细致研究，以确保其能有效融入现有体系。

正如我刚才提到的，美国FDA兽医中心会与美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）开展协作。在欧洲和中国，不同领域间也存在类似的协作机制。

因此，既然我们已清晰认识到整合的必要性，下一步的行动方向就很明确了：我们必须实现所有相关领域的监测数据整合。

IDF: In your view, what key role do companion animals play in the cross-species transmission of AMR? And how can we establish a more effective cross-sectoral surveillance and collaboration mechanism that connects humans, animals, and the environment?

Shelley Rankin: I think once we establish a systematic approach to data collection—which is already happening in a number of countries—we still need to find a way to integrate companion animal data into systems originally designed for agricultural animals or humans.

It took a very long time for veterinary data, in general, to be integrated with human data, and companion animals have lagged even further behind.

In the United States, for example, a key group within the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine has been collecting companion animal AMR data for more than 10 years. So progress is being made, and I’m sure these surveillance systems will be carefully examined by other countries that already have robust human and agricultural monitoring systems, to ensure they can be integrated effectively.

As I mentioned, the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine collaborates with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. Similar collaborative systems exist in Europe and in China across these different sectors.

So now that we clearly recognize the need, the next step is straightforward: we simply have to implement it. We just have to integrate surveillance across all relevant sectors.

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《感染医线》：基于“One Health”理念，未来该如何推动伴侣动物AMR防控真正融入全球公共卫生体系？您认为当前推进伴侣动物AMR防控核心的难点是什么？

Shelley Rankin 教授

美国宾夕法尼亚大学兽医学院

再次强调，我们已建立动物数据相关的现有体系。我并不主张将伴侣动物AMR防控视为一个完全独立的领域，它本质上只是另一类兽医数据。因此，既然我们已针对牛、鸡、猪等家畜建立了成熟的体系，只需将犬、猫等伴侣动物纳入这些现有体系，随后整合相关数据即可。

目前已有多种数据共享应用程序，能够分析人类感染中特定病原体的流行情况，并将其与动物身上的对应数据进行对比。

所以，我依然保持乐观。我相信我们已具备完成这项工作所需的基础设施。但我们确实需要联合那些收集伴侣动物数据的诊断实验室，将这些数据整合到兽医监测系统中。之后，再将整合后的兽医数据进一步纳入人类监测系统。

重要的是，部分国家已成功实现了这种整合。也就是说，我们不仅明确了需要采取的行动，还拥有可借鉴最佳实践的“示范国家”。我认为，当前最关键的挑战或许是获得足够的资金支持，以有效整合所有这些环节。

IDF: Based on the One Health approach, how should we promote the integration of companion animal AMR control into the global public health system in the future? In your opinion, what are the most critical challenges currently hindering progress in this area?

Shelley Rankin: Again, we already have systems in place for animal data. I'm not proposing that we treat companion animal AMR control as a completely separate sector—it is essentially just another set of veterinary data. So, if we already have established systems for livestock like cows, chickens, and pigs, we simply need to incorporate dogs and cats into these existing systems and then consolidate the relevant data.

There are numerous data-sharing applications available that can analyze the prevalence of specific pathogens in human infections and compare that data with corresponding data from animals.

So, I remain very optimistic. I believe we already have the necessary infrastructure to accomplish what needs to be done. However, we do need to engage with the diagnostic laboratories that collect companion animal data and integrate those data into veterinary surveillance systems. Subsequently, this integrated veterinary data can be further incorporated into human surveillance systems.

Importantly, this integration has already been successfully implemented in some countries. So, we already know what actions need to be taken, and we have model countries to reference for best practices. The most critical challenge, I think, is likely securing sufficient funding to integrate all these components effectively.

Shelley Rankin 教授

美国宾夕法尼亚大学兽医学院

Shelley Rankin是一位微生物学荣誉教授

1996年，她在苏格兰格拉斯哥大学获得微生物学博士学位

2002年至2021年，她担任宾夕法尼亚大学兽医学院的教职人员

2021年8月至2024年1月，她担任Zoetis参考实验室微生物学主任

目前是CREATE VET的创始人