从零开始学Pytorch（十一）之ModernRNN

墨明棋妙27

发布于 2022-09-23 10:53:56

4180

发布于 2022-09-23 10:53:56

文章被收录于专栏：1996

RNN:

GRU:

Image Name

• 重置⻔有助于捕捉时间序列⾥短期的依赖关系； • 更新⻔有助于捕捉时间序列⾥⻓期的依赖关系。

载入数据集

import os
os.listdir('/home/input')#数据集文件夹
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn, optim
import torch.nn.functional as F
import sys
sys.path.append("../input/")
import d2l_jay4504 as d2l
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

(corpus_indices, char_to_idx, idx_to_char, vocab_size) = d2l.load_data_jay_lyrics()

初始化参数

num_inputs, num_hiddens, num_outputs = vocab_size, 256, vocab_size
print('will use', device)

def get_params():  
    def _one(shape):
        ts = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, size=shape), device=device, dtype=torch.float32) #正态分布
        return torch.nn.Parameter(ts, requires_grad=True)
    def _three():
        return (_one((num_inputs, num_hiddens)),
                _one((num_hiddens, num_hiddens)),
                torch.nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_hiddens, device=device, dtype=torch.float32), requires_grad=True))
     
    W_xz, W_hz, b_z = _three()  # 更新门参数
    W_xr, W_hr, b_r = _three()  # 重置门参数
    W_xh, W_hh, b_h = _three()  # 候选隐藏状态参数
    
    # 输出层参数
    W_hq = _one((num_hiddens, num_outputs))
    b_q = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_outputs, device=device, dtype=torch.float32), requires_grad=True)
    return nn.ParameterList([W_xz, W_hz, b_z, W_xr, W_hr, b_r, W_xh, W_hh, b_h, W_hq, b_q])

def init_gru_state(batch_size, num_hiddens, device):   #隐藏状态初始化
    return (torch.zeros((batch_size, num_hiddens), device=device), )

GRU模型

def gru(inputs, state, params):
    W_xz, W_hz, b_z, W_xr, W_hr, b_r, W_xh, W_hh, b_h, W_hq, b_q = params
    H, = state
    outputs = []
    for X in inputs:
        Z = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xz) + torch.matmul(H, W_hz) + b_z)
        R = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xr) + torch.matmul(H, W_hr) + b_r)
        H_tilda = torch.tanh(torch.matmul(X, W_xh) + R * torch.matmul(H, W_hh) + b_h)
        H = Z * H + (1 - Z) * H_tilda
        Y = torch.matmul(H, W_hq) + b_q
        outputs.append(Y)
    return outputs, (H,)

训练模型

num_epochs, num_steps, batch_size, lr, clipping_theta = 160, 35, 32, 1e2, 1e-2
pred_period, pred_len, prefixes = 40, 50, ['分开', '不分开']
d2l.train_and_predict_rnn(gru, get_params, init_gru_state, num_hiddens,
                          vocab_size, device, corpus_indices, idx_to_char,
                          char_to_idx, False, num_epochs, num_steps, lr,
                          clipping_theta, batch_size, pred_period, pred_len,
                          prefixes)

输出：

简洁实现

num_hiddens=256
num_epochs, num_steps, batch_size, lr, clipping_theta = 160, 35, 32, 1e2, 1e-2
pred_period, pred_len, prefixes = 40, 50, ['分开', '不分开']

lr = 1e-2 # 注意调整学习率
gru_layer = nn.GRU(input_size=vocab_size, hidden_size=num_hiddens)
model = d2l.RNNModel(gru_layer, vocab_size).to(device)
d2l.train_and_predict_rnn_pytorch(model, num_hiddens, vocab_size, device,
                                corpus_indices, idx_to_char, char_to_idx,
                                num_epochs, num_steps, lr, clipping_theta,
                                batch_size, pred_period, pred_len, prefixes)

输出：

LSTM

长短期记忆long short-term memory: 遗忘门:控制上一时间步的记忆细胞输入门:控制当前时间步的输入输出门:控制从记忆细胞到隐藏状态记忆细胞：⼀种特殊的隐藏状态的信息的流动

C_t = F_t ⊙C_{t−1} + I_t ⊙\widetilde{C}_t

H_t = O_t⊙tanh(C_t)

初始化参数

num_inputs, num_hiddens, num_outputs = vocab_size, 256, vocab_size
print('will use', device)

def get_params():
    def _one(shape):
        ts = torch.tensor(np.random.normal(0, 0.01, size=shape), device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
        return torch.nn.Parameter(ts, requires_grad=True)
    def _three():
        return (_one((num_inputs, num_hiddens)),
                _one((num_hiddens, num_hiddens)),
                torch.nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_hiddens, device=device, dtype=torch.float32), requires_grad=True))
    
    W_xi, W_hi, b_i = _three()  # 输入门参数
    W_xf, W_hf, b_f = _three()  # 遗忘门参数
    W_xo, W_ho, b_o = _three()  # 输出门参数
    W_xc, W_hc, b_c = _three()  # 候选记忆细胞参数
    
    # 输出层参数
    W_hq = _one((num_hiddens, num_outputs))
    b_q = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(num_outputs, device=device, dtype=torch.float32), requires_grad=True)
    return nn.ParameterList([W_xi, W_hi, b_i, W_xf, W_hf, b_f, W_xo, W_ho, b_o, W_xc, W_hc, b_c, W_hq, b_q])

def init_lstm_state(batch_size, num_hiddens, device):
    return (torch.zeros((batch_size, num_hiddens), device=device), 
            torch.zeros((batch_size, num_hiddens), device=device))

LSTM模型

def lstm(inputs, state, params):
    [W_xi, W_hi, b_i, W_xf, W_hf, b_f, W_xo, W_ho, b_o, W_xc, W_hc, b_c, W_hq, b_q] = params
    (H, C) = state
    outputs = []
    for X in inputs:
        I = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xi) + torch.matmul(H, W_hi) + b_i)
        F = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xf) + torch.matmul(H, W_hf) + b_f)
        O = torch.sigmoid(torch.matmul(X, W_xo) + torch.matmul(H, W_ho) + b_o)
        C_tilda = torch.tanh(torch.matmul(X, W_xc) + torch.matmul(H, W_hc) + b_c)
        C = F * C + I * C_tilda
        H = O * C.tanh()
        Y = torch.matmul(H, W_hq) + b_q
        outputs.append(Y)
    return outputs, (H, C)

训练模型

num_epochs, num_steps, batch_size, lr, clipping_theta = 160, 35, 32, 1e2, 1e-2
pred_period, pred_len, prefixes = 40, 50, ['分开', '不分开']

d2l.train_and_predict_rnn(lstm, get_params, init_lstm_state, num_hiddens,
                          vocab_size, device, corpus_indices, idx_to_char,
                          char_to_idx, False, num_epochs, num_steps, lr,
                          clipping_theta, batch_size, pred_period, pred_len,
                          prefixes)

输出：

简洁实现

num_hiddens=256
num_epochs, num_steps, batch_size, lr, clipping_theta = 160, 35, 32, 1e2, 1e-2
pred_period, pred_len, prefixes = 40, 50, ['分开', '不分开']

lr = 1e-2 # 注意调整学习率
lstm_layer = nn.LSTM(input_size=vocab_size, hidden_size=num_hiddens)
model = d2l.RNNModel(lstm_layer, vocab_size)
d2l.train_and_predict_rnn_pytorch(model, num_hiddens, vocab_size, device,
                                corpus_indices, idx_to_char, char_to_idx,
                                num_epochs, num_steps, lr, clipping_theta,
                                batch_size, pred_period, pred_len, prefixes)

深度循环神经网络

Image Name

\boldsymbol{O}_t = \boldsymbol{H}_t^{(L)} \boldsymbol{W}_{hq} + \boldsymbol{b}_q

num_hiddens=256
num_epochs, num_steps, batch_size, lr, clipping_theta = 160, 35, 32, 1e2, 1e-2
pred_period, pred_len, prefixes = 40, 50, ['分开', '不分开']

lr = 1e-2 # 注意调整学习率

gru_layer = nn.LSTM(input_size=vocab_size, hidden_size=num_hiddens,num_layers=2)
model = d2l.RNNModel(gru_layer, vocab_size).to(device)
d2l.train_and_predict_rnn_pytorch(model, num_hiddens, vocab_size, device,
                                corpus_indices, idx_to_char, char_to_idx,
                                num_epochs, num_steps, lr, clipping_theta,
                                batch_size, pred_period, pred_len, prefixes)

输出：

gru_layer = nn.LSTM(input_size=vocab_size, hidden_size=num_hiddens,num_layers=6)
model = d2l.RNNModel(gru_layer, vocab_size).to(device)
d2l.train_and_predict_rnn_pytorch(model, num_hiddens, vocab_size, device,
                                corpus_indices, idx_to_char, char_to_idx,
                                num_epochs, num_steps, lr, clipping_theta,
                                batch_size, pred_period, pred_len, prefixes)

输出：

双向循环神经网络

Image Name

\boldsymbol{H}_t=(\overrightarrow{\boldsymbol{H}}_{t}, \overleftarrow{\boldsymbol{H}}_t)

\boldsymbol{O}_t = \boldsymbol{H}_t \boldsymbol{W}_{hq} + \boldsymbol{b}_q

num_hiddens=128
num_epochs, num_steps, batch_size, lr, clipping_theta = 160, 35, 32, 1e-2, 1e-2
pred_period, pred_len, prefixes = 40, 50, ['分开', '不分开']

lr = 1e-2 # 注意调整学习率

gru_layer = nn.GRU(input_size=vocab_size, hidden_size=num_hiddens,bidirectional=True)
model = d2l.RNNModel(gru_layer, vocab_size).to(device)
d2l.train_and_predict_rnn_pytorch(model, num_hiddens, vocab_size, device,
                                corpus_indices, idx_to_char, char_to_idx,
                                num_epochs, num_steps, lr, clipping_theta,
                                batch_size, pred_period, pred_len, prefixes)

输出：