通过多种方式将数据导入hive表

hive官方手册 http://slaytanic.blog.51cto.com/2057708/939950

通过多种方式将数据导入hive表

1.通过外部表导入

用户在hive上建external表，建表的同时指定hdfs路径，在数据拷贝到指定hdfs路径的同时，也同时完成数据插入external表。 例如： 编辑文件test.txt $ cat test.txt  1       hello 2       world 3       test 4       case 字段之间以'\t'分割 启动hive： $ hive 建external表： hive> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE MYTEST(num INT, name STRING)     > COMMENT 'this is a test'     > ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'     > STORED AS TEXTFILE     > LOCATION '/data/test'; OK Time taken: 0.714 seconds hive> show tables; OK mytest partition_test partition_test_input test Time taken: 0.07 seconds hive> desc mytest ; OK num     int name    string Time taken: 0.121 seconds| 数据拷贝到hdfs： $ Hadoop fs -put test.txt /data/test 查看hive表数据： hive> select * from mytest; OK 1       hello 2       world 3       test 4       case Time taken: 0.375 seconds hive> select num from mytest; Total MapReduce jobs = 1 Launching Job 1 out of 1 ...... Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 510 msec OK 1 2 3 4 Time taken: 27.157 seconds 这种方式常常用于当hdfs上有一些历史数据，而我们需要在这些数据上做一些hive的操作时使用。这种方式避免了数据拷贝开销

2.从本地导入

数据不在hdfs上，直接从本地导入hive表 文件/home/work/test.txt内容同上 建表： hive> CREATE TABLE MYTEST2(num INT, name STRING)     > COMMENT 'this is a test2'                               > ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'          > STORED AS TEXTFILE;   OK Time taken: 0.077 seconds 导数据入表： hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/home/work/test.txt' INTO TABLE MYTEST2; Copying data from file:/home/work/test.txt Copying file: file:/home/work/test.txt Loading data to table default.mytest2 OK Time taken: 0.24 seconds 查看数据： hive> select * from MYTEST2; OK 1       hello 2       world 3       test 4       case Time taken: 0.11 seconds

这种方式导入的本地数据可以是一个文件，一个文件夹或者通配符，需要注意的是，如果是文件夹，文件夹内不能包含子目录，同样，通配符只能通配文件。

3.从hdfs导入

上述test.txt文件已经导入/data/test 则可以使用下述命令直接将数据导入hive表： hive> CREATE TABLE MYTEST3(num INT, name STRING)     > COMMENT "this is a test3"     > ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'     > STORED AS TEXTFILE; OK Time taken: 4.735 seconds hive> LOAD DATA INPATH '/data/test/test.txt' INTO TABLE MYTEST3; Loading data to table default.mytest3 OK Time taken: 0.337 seconds hive> select * from MYTEST3 ; OK 1       hello 2       world 3       test 4       case Time taken: 0.227 seconds

4. 从其它表导入数据：

hive> CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE MYTEST4(num INT) ; OK Time taken: 0.091 seconds hive> FROM MYTEST3 test3     > INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE MYTEST4     > select test3.num where name='world'; Total MapReduce jobs = 2 Launching Job 1 out of 2 Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there's no reduce operator Starting Job = job_201207230024_0002, Tracking URL = http://localhost:50030/jobdetails.jsp?jobid=job_201207230024_0002 Kill Command = /home/work/hadoop/hadoop-1.0.3/libexec/../bin/hadoop job  -Dmapred.job.tracker=localhost:9001 -kill job_201207230024_0002 Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 0 2012-07-23 18:59:02,365 Stage-1 map = 0%,  reduce = 0% 2012-07-23 18:59:08,417 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 0.62 sec 2012-07-23 18:59:09,435 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 0.62 sec 2012-07-23 18:59:10,445 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 0.62 sec 2012-07-23 18:59:11,455 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 0.62 sec 2012-07-23 18:59:12,470 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 0.62 sec 2012-07-23 18:59:13,489 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 0.62 sec 2012-07-23 18:59:14,508 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 100%, Cumulative CPU 0.62 sec MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 620 msec Ended Job = job_201207230024_0002 Ended Job = -174856900, job is filtered out (removed at runtime). Moving data to: hdfs://localhost:9000/tmp/hive-work/hive_2012-07-23_18-58-44_166_189728317691010041/-ext-10000 Loading data to table default.mytest4 Deleted hdfs://localhost:9000/user/hive/warehouse/mytest4 Table default.mytest4 stats: [num_partitions: 0, num_files: 1, num_rows: 0, total_size: 2, raw_data_size: 0] 1 Rows loaded to mytest4 MapReduce Jobs Launched:  Job 0: Map: 1   Accumulative CPU: 0.62 sec   HDFS Read: 242 HDFS Write: 2 SUCESS Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 620 msec OK Time taken: 30.663 seconds hive> select * from mytest4; OK 2 Time taken: 0.103 seconds